Tombonuo | Ethnologue

A language of Malaysia

ISO 639: txa
Alternate Names: Lobu, Paitan, Sungai, Sungei, Tambanua, Tambanuo, Tambanuva, Tambanwas, Tambenua, Tambunwas, Tembenua, Tombonuva, Tombonuwo, Tumbunwha, Tunbumohas, “Lobou nu Tindal” (pej.), “Pagan” (pej.)
Autonym: Tangar nu Tombonuo
Population: Ethnic population: 10,000 (2000 SIL). 3,000 Lingkabau.
Location:: Sabah state: Beluran, Kota Marudu, and Pitas districts.
Language Status: 6b (Threatened).
Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, North Borneo, Sabahan, Paitanic
Dialects: Lingkabau Sugut (Linkabau), Sugut (Sungoi).
Language Use: Mixed use: Home, Family, Work, Education, Religion. Some young people, all adults. Few children, some adolescents, many adults, all elderly. Positive attitudes. A few also use Rungus [drg]. Also use Kadazan Dusun [dtp]. Also use Kimaragang [kqr]. Also use Sabah Malay [msi]. Used as L2 by Dumpas [dmv], Rungus [drg].
Language Development: Literacy rate in L1: 65%. Literacy rate in L2: 80% in Standard Malay [zsm]. Literature. Dictionary. NT: 2002. Agency: Kota Kinabalu Tombonuo Association, Persatuan Bangsa Tombonuo Pitas, Persatuan Bangsa Tombonuo Beluran.
Language Resources: OLAC resources in and about Tombonuo
Writing: Latin script [Latn], developed in about 1984.

Location: Sabah state: Beluran, Kota Marudu, and Pitas districts.