Tolowa

A language of United States

ISO 639: tol
Alternate Names: Smith River
Population: No known L1 speakers (Golla 2011), but emerging L2 speakers. The last fluent speaker may have died before 1990 (Golla 2011). Ethnic population: 1,000 (2000 A. Yamamoto).
Location:: California: Smith River Rancheria, near Crescent City.
Language Status: 9 (Reawakening). Language of registered tribe: Big Lagoon Rancheria, Cher-Ae Heights Indian Community of the Trinidad Rancheria, Elk Valley Rancheria, Tolowa Dee-ni’ Nation.
Classification: Eyak-Athabaskan, Athabaskan, Pacific Coast Athabaskan, Oregon Athabaskan, Tolowa-Chetco
Language Use: One fully fluent L2 speaker in his 40s but growing numbers of younger emerging speakers with limited competence (Golla 2007). Shifted to English [eng].
Language Development: All L2 speakers are literate. Dictionary. Some successful language revival efforts (Golla 2011).

Location: California: Smith River Rancheria, near Crescent City.