Totonac, Upper Necaxa

A language of Mexico

ISO 639: tku
Alternate Names: Totonaca, Totonaco del río Necaxa
Autonym: Totonaco, Totonaco xalac Patla
Population: 3,270 (2000 INALI). Total Totonac speakers: 256,000 (2020 INEGI). 680 monolinguals. Ethnic population: 5,800.
Location:: Puebla state: Cacahuatlán, Chicontla, Patla, and San Pedro Tlalontongo in Necaxa river valley.
Language Status: 6b (Threatened).
Classification: Totonacan, Totonac
Dialects: None known. Reportedly most similar to Tecpatlan Totonac [tcw]. Northern Totonac [too] materials are difficult to understand.
Language Use: Moderate use. Not all parents pass it on to children. Local administration, commerce, religion. Some young people, all adults. Neutral attitudes. Most also use Spanish [spa], especially in schools. A few may also speak Nahuatl.
Language Development: Literacy rate in L1: 5%. Literacy rate in L2: 30%. Bilingual primary schools in Patla and San Pedro. NT: 1999.
Language Resources: OLAC resources in and about Totonac, Upper Necaxa
Writing: Latin script [Latn].
Other Comments: Young people must leave to find jobs.

Location: Puebla state: Cacahuatlán, Chicontla, Patla, and San Pedro Tlalontongo in Necaxa river valley.