POL ISO 639-3
Polish
język polski Autonym
A language of Poland
- ISO 639
- pol
- Alternate Names
- Polnisch
- Autonym
- język polski
- Population
- 36,711,000 in Poland, all users. L1 users: 36,500,000 in Poland (European Commission 2012). L2 users: 211,000 (European Commission 2012). Total users in all countries: 40,826,360 (as L1: 40,161,360; as L2: 665,000).
- Location:
- Widespread.
- Language Status
- 1 (National). Statutory national language (1997, Constitution, Article 27).
- Classification
- Indo-European, Balto-Slavic, Slavic, West, Lechitic
- Dialects
- Upper Silesian, Masurian (Mazurian, Mazurski).
- Typology
- SVO; prepositions; noun head final; gender (masculine/feminine/neuter); no articles; case-marking (7 cases); verb affixes mark person, number; passives; aspect; comparatives; 30 consonant and 8 vowel phonemes; non-tonal; stress on penultimate syllable.
- Language Use
- Some also use English [eng] (European Commission 2006).
- Language Development
- Fully developed. Bible: 1561–2018.
- Language Resources
- OLAC resources in and about Polish
- Writing
- Braille script [Brai]. Latin script [Latn], primary usage.
- Other Comments
- Christian.
Also Spoken in
- Language Status
- Unestablished
- Other Comments
- Non-indigenous. View other languages of Argentina
Language Name
Polish
User Population
198,000 in Argentina (2018). , based on nationality.
- Language Status
- Unestablished
- Other Comments
- Non-indigenous. View other languages of Austria
Language Name
Polish
User Population
30,600 in Austria (2003 UNSD).
- Language Status
- Unestablished
- Other Comments
- Non-indigenous. View other languages of Australia
Language Name
Polish
User Population
48,100 in Australia (2016 census).
- Language Status
- Unestablished
- Other Comments
- Non-indigenous. View other languages of Azerbaijan
Language Name
Polish
User Population
1,000 in Azerbaijan (Leclerc 2017b).
- Language Status
- Unestablished
- Other Comments
- Non-indigenous. View other languages of Belgium
Language Name
Polish
User Population
97,200 in Belgium (2020 census). , based on nationality.
- Language Status
- Unestablished
- Other Comments
- Non-indigenous. View other languages of Brazil
Language Name
Polish
User Population
211,000 in Brazil (2021 Joshua Project). , based on ethnicity.
- Language Status
- Unestablished
- Other Comments
- Non-indigenous. View other languages of Belarus
Language Name
Polish
User Population
4,220 in Belarus (2011 census). Most Poles in Belarus speak Belarusan [bel] or Russian [rus] as their L1. Ethnic population: 295,000 (2009 census).
- Language Status
- Unestablished
- Other Comments
- Non-indigenous. View other languages of Canada
Language Name
Polish
User Population
182,000 in Canada (2016 census).
- Language Status
- Unestablished
- Other Comments
- Non-indigenous. View other languages of Cyprus
Language Name
Polish
User Population
2,810 in Cyprus (2013 UNSD).
- Location
- Moravia-Silesia region: eastern Frydek-Mistek; Karviná district.
- Language Status
- 5 (Dispersed)
- Other Comments
- Christian. View other languages of Czechia
Language Name
Polish
User Population
33,600 in Czechia (2011 census).
- Location
- Brandenburg and Sachsen states: Silesia area; Nordrhein-Westfalen state: Ruhr area.
- Language Status
- 5 (Dispersed)
- Other Comments
- Non-indigenous. Christian. View other languages of Germany
Language Name
Polish
User Population
867,000 in Germany (2020 census). , based on nationality.
- Language Status
- Unestablished
- Other Comments
- Non-indigenous. View other languages of Denmark
Language Name
Polish
User Population
41,500 in Denmark (2020 census). , based on nationality.
- Language Status
- Unestablished
- Other Comments
- Non-indigenous. View other languages of Spain
Language Name
Polish
User Population
51,800 in Spain (2020 census). , based on nationality.
- Language Status
- Unestablished
- Other Comments
- Non-indigenous. View other languages of Finland
Language Name
Polish
User Population
5,440 in Finland (2018 census).
- Language Status
- Unestablished
- Other Comments
- Non-indigenous. View other languages of United Kingdom
Language Name
Polish
User Population
618,000 in United Kingdom (2011 census). England and Wales 546,000, Scotland 54,000, Northern Ireland 18,000.
- Language Status
- Unestablished
- Other Comments
- Non-indigenous. View other languages of Greece
Language Name
Polish
User Population
14,100 in Greece (2011 census). , based on nationality.
- Location
- Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén and Budapest counties.
- Language Status
- 4 (Educational)
- Other Comments
- Non-indigenous. View other languages of Hungary
Language Name
Polish
User Population
3,050 in Hungary (2011 census). Ethnic population: 5,730 (2011 census).
- Language Status
- Unestablished
- Other Comments
- Non-indigenous. View other languages of Ireland
Language Name
Polish
User Population
4,030 in Ireland (2016 census).
- Location
- HaDarom district: ’Afula; HaZafon district: Nahalal area.
- Language Status
- 5 (Dispersed)
- Other Comments
- Non-indigenous. Jewish. View other languages of Israel
Language Name
Polish
User Population
124,000 in Israel (Leclerc 2018a). Ethnic population: 272,000.
- Language Status
- Unestablished
- Other Comments
- Non-indigenous. View other languages of Iceland
Language Name
Polish
User Population
9,110 in Iceland (2008 census).
- Language Status
- Unestablished
- Other Comments
- Non-indigenous. View other languages of Kazakhstan
Language Name
Polish
User Population
3,160 in Kazakhstan (2009 census). Ethnic population: 34,100 (2009 census).
- Location
- Alytaus, Kauno, Marijampoles, and Vilniaus counties.
- Language Status
- 5 (Dispersed)
- Other Comments
- Non-indigenous. View other languages of Lithuania
Language Name
Polish
User Population
618,000 in Lithuania, all users. L1 users: 164,000 in Lithuania (2015 census). , based on nationality. L2 users: 454,000 (European Commission 2006).
- Language Status
- Unestablished
- Other Comments
- Non-indigenous. View other languages of Luxembourg
Language Name
Polish
User Population
2,140 in Luxembourg (2011 census).
- Language Status
- Unestablished
- Other Comments
- Non-indigenous. View other languages of Latvia
Language Name
Polish
User Population
40,400 in Latvia (2018).
- Language Status
- Unestablished
- Other Comments
- Non-indigenous. View other languages of Netherlands
Language Name
Polish
User Population
32,200 in Netherlands (2019).
- Language Status
- Unestablished
- Other Comments
- Non-indigenous. View other languages of Norway
Language Name
Polish
User Population
117,000 in Norway (2021 census). , based on nationality.
- Language Status
- Unestablished
- Other Comments
- Non-indigenous. View other languages of New Zealand
Language Name
Polish
User Population
2,620 in New Zealand (2013 census).
- Location
- Suceava county.
- Language Status
- 5 (Dispersed)
- Other Comments
- Non-indigenous. Christian. View other languages of Romania
Language Name
Polish
User Population
2,080 in Romania (2011 census). Ethnic population: 2,540 (2011 census).
- Language Status
- Unestablished
- Other Comments
- Non-indigenous. View other languages of Serbia
Language Name
Polish
User Population
23,000 in Serbia (2009 J. Leclerc).
- Location
- Rostov province (Masurian dialect).
- Dialects
- Masurian (Mazurian, Mazurski).
- Language Status
- 5 (Dispersed)
- Other Comments
- Non-indigenous. View other languages of Russian Federation
Language Name
Polish
User Population
67,400 in Russian Federation (2010 census).
- Language Status
- Unestablished
- Other Comments
- Non-indigenous. View other languages of Sweden
Language Name
Polish
User Population
53,800 in Sweden (2020 census). , based on nationality.
- Location
- Scattered.
- Language Status
- 6b (Threatened)
- Other Comments
- Non-indigenous. Christian. View other languages of Slovakia
Language Name
Polish
User Population
3,120 in Slovakia (2013 UNSD).
- Location
- Lviv region: 3 small interior enclaves.
- Language Status
- 7 (Shifting) View other languages of Ukraine
Language Name
Polish
User Population
18,700 in Ukraine (2001 census). Ethnic population: 144,000 (2001 census).
- Location
- Scattered.
- Language Status
- Unestablished
- Other Comments
- Non-indigenous. Includes about 2,000 Polish-speaking Muslim Tatar families, mainly in Brooklyn. Christian, Muslim. View other languages of United States
Language Name
Polish
User Population
580,000 in United States (2015 census).
- Language Status
- Unestablished
- Other Comments
- Non-indigenous. View other languages of Uzbekistan
Language Name
Polish
User Population
3,300 in Uzbekistan (2019).
Map
Location: Widespread.
Size and Vitality
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