Page Type: languageKaingang | Ethnologue

KGP ISO 639-3

Kaingang

A language of Brazil

ISO 639
kgp
Alternate Names
Bugre, Caingang, Caingangue, Coroado, Coroados, Kanhgág
Population
18,500 (Crevels 2012). Ethnic population: 28,000 (Crevels 2012).
Location:
Paraná State: 9 reservations between Paranapena and Iguaçu rivers; Rio Grande do Sul state: 5 reservations of southeast dialect south of Uruguay river east of Passo Fundo river; southwest dialect on 7 reservations; east of Passo Fundo river; outskirts of cities in Rio Grande do Sul; Santa Catarina state: 8 reservations between Iguaçu and Uruguay rivers; São Paulo state: 3 reservations north of Paranapena river; Scattered.
Language Status
6b* (Threatened).
Classification
Jean, Southern, Kaingang
Dialects
Paraná Kaingang, Central Kaingang, Southwest Kaingang, Southeast Kaingang.
Typology
SOV; 12 consonants and 14 vowels, including 5 nasal vowels.
Language Use
Language use varies: in some communities all speak Kaingang as L1, but not in others. Growing interest in revitalization (Golla 2007). Most also use Portuguese [por], in some vilages (Crevels 2007). Used as L2 by Xetá [xet].
Language Development
Dictionary. Grammar. Texts. NT: 1977–2005.
Language Resources
OLAC resources in and about Kaingang
Writing
Latin script [Latn].
Other Comments
Alternate names now only used in old documents.

Also Spoken in

Map

Location: Paraná State: 9 reservations between Paranapena and Iguaçu rivers; Rio Grande do Sul state: 5 reservations of southeast dialect south of Uruguay river east of Passo Fundo river; southwest dialect on 7 reservations; east of Passo Fundo river; outskirts of cities in Rio Grande do Sul; Santa Catarina state: 8 reservations between Iguaçu and Uruguay rivers; São Paulo state: 3 reservations north of Paranapena river; Scattered.