Page Type: languageHindko, Northern | Ethnologue

HNO ISO 639-3

Hindko, Northern

ہندکو‎ (Hindko) Autonym

A language of Pakistan

ISO 639
hno
Alternate Names
Hazara Hindko, Hindko, Kagani, Kaghani, “Hindki” (pej.)
Autonym
ہندکو‎ (Hindko)
Population
3,570,000 (2017 census), increasing.
Location:
Azad Kashmir province: Muzaffarabad district, and Islamabad; Khyber Pakhtunkwa province: Hazara division, Abbotabad and Mansehra districts; Indus and Kaghan valleys and Indus valley tributaries.
Language Status
5 (Developing).
Classification
Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Intermediate Divisions, Western, Panjabi, Western Panjabi
Dialects
Abbottabad Hindko, Galiyat Hindko, Haripur Hindko, Mansehra Hindko (Muko-Tuko), Tanoli Hindko. Also related to Punjabi [pnb], Saraiki [skr], and Pahari-Potwari [phr]; which have all been called Greater Punjabi, forming part of Lahnda [lah]. Lexical similaritiy: 82%–92% with Northern Hindko dialects, 67%–82% with Northern and Southern Hindko [hnd] varieties, 36% with Mankiyali [nlm]. A member of macrolanguage Lahnda [lah].
Language Use
All domains, except education. Used by all. Positive attitudes. Also use Saraiki [skr]. Also use Urdu [urd], especially the educated, but with varied proficiency. Also use Western Punjabi [pnb], with low proficiency. Used as L2 by Kundal Shahi [shd], Mankiyali [nlm].
Language Development
Literacy rate in L2: Below 20%. Pilot multilingual education program in development. Literature. Newspapers. Radio. TV. Videos. Grammar. Texts.
Language Resources
OLAC resources in and about Hindko, Northern
Writing
Arabic script, Naskh variant [Arab]. Arabic script, Nastaliq variant [Aran], primary usage.
Other Comments
Muslim.

Also Spoken in

Map

Location: Azad Kashmir province: Muzaffarabad district, and Islamabad; Khyber Pakhtunkwa province: Hazara division, Abbotabad and Mansehra districts; Indus and Kaghan valleys and Indus valley tributaries.