HNI ISO 639-3
Hani
Ha Nhi Autonym
A language of China
- ISO 639
- hni
- Alternate Names
- Hanhi, Hani Proper, Haw
- Autonym
- Ha Nhi
- Population
- 740,000 in China (Bradley 2007b). 444,000 monolinguals. Ethnic population: 1,660,000 (2010 census). Includes Akeu [aeu], Akha [ahk], Biyo [byo], Chadong [cdy], Enu [enu], Honi [how], Kaduo [ktp], Muda [ymd], and Sangkong [sgk] languages. Total users in all countries: 766,240.
- Location:
- Yunnan province: Jingdong and Jinggu counties, Lancang (Mekong) and Yuanjiang river basins, Ailao mountains.
- Language Status
- 6a (Vigorous). Language of recognized nationality: Hani.
- Classification
- Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, Ngwi-Burmese, Ngwi, Southern
- Dialects
- Hani has numerous dialects and is fairly similar to Akha [ahk].
- Typology
- SOV; tonal, 3 tones.
- Language Use
- Vigorous. Some users of nearby languages also speak Hani. Taught at Kunming Institute. All domains. Used by all. Positive attitudes. Some also use Mandarin Chinese [cmn], especially written Chinese. Also use Lipo [lpo]. Also use Lü [khb]. Used as L2 by Kucong [lkc], Lahu [lhu], Laomian [lwm], Sangkong [sgk].
- Language Development
- Literacy rate in L1: 5%. Newspapers. Radio. TV. Videos. Dictionary. Grammar. Texts.
- Language Resources
- OLAC resources in and about Hani
- Writing
- Latin script [Latn], pinyin-based, used in 1958–1964 and from 1982, experimental, used in education, literature, and media.
- Other Comments
- Includes Hani, Akha, Biyo, Kaduo, Honi, and other groups, all speaking Southern Ngwi languages. The Hanhi ethnic group in Viet Nam and Laos speak Hani. Traditional religion.
Also Spoken in
- Location
- Phongsali province: Ou Nua district; Ban Sika Hon, Ban Si Ben Chay, and Ban Kuchu Lin.
- Language Status
- 6b (Threatened)
- Other Comments
- Traditional religion. View other languages of Laos
Language Name
Hani
User Population
740 in Laos (2015 census), decreasing. , based on ethnicity.
- Location
- North, Lai Chau and Lao Cai provinces. 1 variety is east, 1 west of Muong Te city.
- Language Status
- 6b (Threatened)
- Other Comments
- Hà Nhì is an official ethnic community in Viet Nam and China. 2 similar varieties in Viet Nam differ only in phonology and lexicon. Traditional religion. View other languages of Vietnam
Language Name
Hani
User Population
25,500 in Viet Nam (2019 census). , based on ethnicity.
Map
Location: Yunnan province: Jingdong and Jinggu counties, Lancang (Mekong) and Yuanjiang river basins, Ailao mountains.
Size and Vitality
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