HIN ISO 639-3
Hindi
मानक हिन्दी (Mānak Hindī), हिन्दी (Hindī) Autonym
A language of India
- ISO 639
- hin
- Alternate Names
- Modern Standard Hindi
- Autonym
- मानक हिन्दी (Mānak Hindī), हिन्दी (Hindī)
- Population
- 596,000,000 in India, all users. L1 users: 339,000,000 in India (2011 census). L2 users: 257,000,000 (2019). Total users in all countries: 600,530,070 (as L1: 342,263,170; as L2: 258,266,900).
- Location:
- Widespread in north India: northern Bihar, Himachal Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, and Uttarakhand states; Delhi.
- Language Status
- 1 (National). Statutory national language (1950, Constitution, Article 343), also statutory provincial language in Bihar State and 12 other jurisdictions.
- Classification
- Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Western Hindi, Hindustani
- Dialects
- Khari Boli (Dehlavi, Kauravi, Khadi Boli, Khari, Khariboli, Vernacular Hindustani). Formal vocabulary borrowed from Sanskrit, de-Persianized, de-Arabicized. Literary Hindi, or Hindi-Urdu, has 4 varieties: Hindi (High Hindi, Nagari Hindi, Literary Hindi, standard Hindi); Urdu [urd]; Dakhini; Rekhta. Hindustani, though not listed separately in India, refers here to the unofficial lingua franca of northwest India. Has a lexical mixture in varying proportions of Hindi (vocabulary derived from Sanskrit) and Urdu (vocabulary derived from Persian or Arabic).
- Typology
- SOV; postpositions; noun head final; content q-word in situ; gender (masculine/feminine); no articles; clause constituents partially indicated by case-marking (direct, oblique), postpositions, and word order; verbal affixation marks person, number, gender, and honorificity of subject; split ergativity; both tense and aspect; passives and voice; causatives; non-tonal; 30 consonants, 10 vowels, 2 diphthongs; stress linked to syllable weight.
- Language Development
- Fully developed. Bible: 1835–2000.
- Language Resources
- OLAC resources in and about Hindi
- Writing
- Braille script [Brai]. Devanagari script [Deva], primary usage. Mahajani script [Mahj], no longer in use. Newa script [Newa], no longer in use, historic usage.
- Other Comments
- Hindi, Hindustani, Urdu could be considered co-dialects, but have important sociolinguistic differences. Hindu.
Also Spoken in
- Language Status
- Unestablished
- Other Comments
- Non-indigenous. View other languages of Australia
Language Name
Hindi
User Population
160,000 in Australia (2016 census).
- Language Status
- Unestablished
- Other Comments
- Non-indigenous. View other languages of Belgium
Language Name
Hindi
User Population
13,600 in Belgium (2020 census). , based on nationality.
- Language Status
- Unestablished
- Other Comments
- Non-indigenous. View other languages of Brunei
Language Name
Hindi
User Population
3,900 in Brunei (2019).
- Language Status
- Unestablished
- Other Comments
- Non-indigenous. View other languages of Canada
Language Name
Hindi
User Population
111,000 in Canada (2016 census).
- Language Status
- Unestablished
- Other Comments
- Non-indigenous. View other languages of Germany
Language Name
Hindi
User Population
75,400 in Germany (2020 census). , based on nationality.
- Language Status
- Unestablished
- Other Comments
- Non-indigenous. View other languages of Finland
Language Name
Hindi
User Population
2,370 in Finland (2018 census).
- Language Status
- Unestablished
- Other Comments
- Non-indigenous. View other languages of United Kingdom
Language Name
Hindi
User Population
45,800 in United Kingdom (2011 census).
- Language Status
- Unestablished
- Other Comments
- Non-indigenous. View other languages of Equatorial Guinea
Language Name
Hindi
User Population
1,400 in Equatorial Guinea (2020 Joshua Project).
- Location
- Major towns.
- Language Status
- Unestablished
- Other Comments
- Non-indigenous. View other languages of Kenya
Language Name
Hindi
User Population
6,700 in Kenya (2020 Joshua Project). , based on ethnicity.
- Language Status
- Unestablished
- Other Comments
- Non-indigenous. View other languages of Cambodia
Language Name
Hindi
User Population
1,700 in Cambodia (2019 J. Leclerc).
- Location
- Scattered.
- Language Status
- 5 (Dispersed)
- Other Comments
- Non-indigenous. Hindi speakers are part of the immigrant workforce in Kuwait (2019 J. Leclerc). View other languages of Kuwait
Language Name
Hindi
User Population
700,000 in Kuwait (2017 Gulf News).
- Language Status
- Unestablished
- Other Comments
- Non-indigenous. View other languages of Sri Lanka
Language Name
Hindi
User Population
41,300 in Sri Lanka (2019).
- Language Status
- Unestablished
- Other Comments
- Non-indigenous. View other languages of Lesotho
Language Name
Hindi
User Population
2,200 in Lesotho (Leclerc 2017f).
- Language Status
- Unestablished
- Other Comments
- Non-indigenous. View other languages of Luxembourg
Language Name
Hindi
User Population
1,200 in Luxembourg (2017 J. Leclerc).
- Language Status
- Unestablished
- Other Comments
- Non-indigenous. View other languages of Myanmar
Language Name
Hindi
User Population
133,000 in Myanmar (Leclerc 2017d).
- Language Status
- Unestablished
- Other Comments
- Non-indigenous. View other languages of Mauritius
Language Name
Hindi
User Population
36,000 in Mauritius (Leclerc 2018c).
- Language Status
- Unestablished
- Other Comments
- Non-indigenous. View other languages of Malaysia
Language Name
Hindi
User Population
60,000 in Malaysia (2021 Joshua Project). , based on ethnicity.
- Location
- Scattered throughout the Tarai (lowlands) and in major cities.
- Dialects
- Khariboli.
- Language Status
- 3 (Wider communication)
- Other Comments
- Non-indigenous. Hindu, Buddhist, Christian, Muslim. View other languages of Nepal
Language Name
Hindi
User Population
1,307,600 in Nepal, all users. L1 users: 77,600 in Nepal (2011 census), increasing. L2 users: 1,230,000 (2011 census).
- Language Status
- Unestablished
- Other Comments
- Non-indigenous. View other languages of New Zealand
Language Name
Hindi
User Population
66,300 in New Zealand (2013 census).
- Language Status
- Unestablished
- Other Comments
- Non-indigenous. View other languages of Oman
Language Name
Hindi
User Population
15,600 in Oman (2020).
- Language Status
- Unestablished
- Other Comments
- Non-indigenous. View other languages of Panama
Language Name
Hindi
User Population
15,000 in Panama (2021 Joshua Project). , based on ethnicity.
- Language Status
- Unestablished
- Other Comments
- Non-indigenous. View other languages of Philippines
Language Name
Hindi
User Population
4,400 in Philippines (2020 Joshua Project). , based on ethnicity.
- Language Status
- Unestablished
- Other Comments
- Non-indigenous. View other languages of Puerto Rico
Language Name
Hindi
User Population
3,670 in Puerto Rico (2020).
- Language Status
- Unestablished
- Other Comments
- Non-indigenous. View other languages of Portugal
Language Name
Hindi
User Population
4,100 in Portugal (2007 J. Leclerc).
- Language Status
- Unestablished
- Other Comments
- Non-indigenous. View other languages of Russian Federation
Language Name
Hindi
User Population
6,330 in Russian Federation (2012 UNSD).
- Location
- Widespread.
- Language Status
- Unestablished
- Other Comments
- Non-indigenous. Hindi speakers are part of the immigrant workforce in Saudi Arabia (2019 J. Leclerc). View other languages of Saudi Arabia
Language Name
Hindi
User Population
171,000 in Saudi Arabia (2020 Joshua Project). , based on ethnicity.
- Language Status
- Unestablished
- Other Comments
- Non-indigenous. View other languages of Sweden
Language Name
Hindi
User Population
14,100 in Sweden (2020 census). , based on nationality.
- Location
- Scattered.
- Language Status
- 5 (Dispersed)
- Other Comments
- Non-indigenous. View other languages of Singapore
Language Name
Hindi
User Population
50,000 in Singapore (2017 The Straits Times), all users. L1 users: 13,100 (2010 census).
- Language Status
- Unestablished
- Other Comments
- Non-indigenous. View other languages of Sierra Leone
Language Name
Hindi
User Population
15,000 in Sierra Leone (2019).
- Language Status
- Unestablished
- Other Comments
- Non-indigenous. View other languages of Sint Maarten
Language Name
Hindi
User Population
2,000 in Sint Maarten (2011 SIL).
- Language Status
- Unestablished
- Other Comments
- Non-indigenous. View other languages of Eswatini
Language Name
Hindi
User Population
8,200 in Eswatini (2019).
- Location
- Bangkok, Mookherji area.
- Language Status
- Unestablished
- Other Comments
- Non-indigenous. Muslim. View other languages of Thailand
Language Name
Hindi
User Population
22,900 in Thailand (2010 census).
- Language Status
- Unestablished
- Other Comments
- Non-indigenous. View other languages of Uganda
Language Name
Hindi
User Population
5,300 in Uganda (2016 J. Leclerc).
- Language Status
- Unestablished
- Other Comments
- Non-indigenous. View other languages of United States
Language Name
Hindi
User Population
643,000 in United States (2015 census).
- Location
- Scattered.
- Language Status
- Unestablished
- Other Comments
- Non-indigenous. View other languages of Yemen
Language Name
Hindi
User Population
316,000 in Yemen (2020 Joshua Project). , based on ethnicity.
- Location
- KwaZulu-Natal province.
- Language Status
- 5 (Dispersed)
- Other Comments
- Non-indigenous. Has Bhojpuri [bho] features in South Africa. Hindu. View other languages of South Africa
Language Name
Hindi
User Population
463,000 in South Africa (2020 Joshua Project). , based on ethnicity.
Map
Location: Widespread in north India: northern Bihar, Himachal Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, and Uttarakhand states; Delhi.
Size and Vitality
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