ALS ISO 639-3
Albanian, Tosk
Shqip Autonym
A language of Albania
- ISO 639
- als
- Alternate Names
- Arnaut, Shkip, Skchip, Tosk, Zhgabe
- Autonym
- Shqip
- Population
- 1,570,000 in Albania (2012 UNSD). Ethnic population: 2,310,000 ethnic Albanians (2011 census). Total users in all countries: 1,871,810.
- Location:
- Widespread south of the Shkumbin river.
- Language Status
- 1 (National). Statutory national language (1998, Constitution, Article 14(1)).
- Classification
- Indo-European, Albanian, Tosk
- Dialects
- Northern Tosk, Lab Tosk (Labërisht), Cham Tosk (Çam). Not intelligible with Arbëreshë [aae] of Italy. The basis of official standard Albanian since 1952. There is a transitional dialect zone which is neither Gheg [aln] nor Tosk. It is spoken in a few towns and villages around the Shkumbin river such as Shpat and Sulovë. A member of macrolanguage Albanian [sqi].
- Typology
- SVO; prepositions; noun head initial; gender (masculine/feminine/neuter); definite article affix; case-marking (4 cases); verb affixes mark person, number; passives; tense; 29 consonant and 7 vowel phonemes; non-tonal; stress on penultimate syllable.
- Language Development
- Taught in primary schools. Fully developed. NT: 1827–2007.
- Language Resources
- OLAC resources in and about Albanian, Tosk
- Writing
- Elbasan script [Elba], no longer in use. Greek script [Grek], no longer in use. Latin script [Latn].
- Other Comments
- Muslim, Christian.
Also Spoken in
- Language Status
- Unestablished
- Other Comments
- Non-indigenous. View other languages of Austria
Language Name
Albanian, Tosk
User Population
28,200 in Austria (2003 UNSD).
- Language Status
- Unestablished
- Other Comments
- Non-indigenous. View other languages of Australia
Language Name
Albanian, Tosk
User Population
4,590 in Australia (2016 census). Census figure of 9,180 does not distinguish between Gheg [aln] and Tosk [als].
- Language Status
- Unestablished
- Other Comments
- Non-indigenous. View other languages of Belgium
Language Name
Albanian, Tosk
User Population
12,600 in Belgium (2020 census). , based on nationality.
- Language Status
- Unestablished
- Other Comments
- Non-indigenous. View other languages of Germany
Language Name
Albanian, Tosk
User Population
73,900 in Germany (2020 census). , based on nationality.
- Language Status
- Unestablished
- Other Comments
- Non-indigenous. View other languages of Spain
Language Name
Albanian, Tosk
User Population
4,000 in Spain (2020 census). , based on nationality.
- Location
- Western Macedonia region: Florina and Kastoria, northeast of Lake Orestiada.
- Dialects
- Cham Tosk.
- Language Status
- 5 (Dispersed)
- Other Comments
- In Greece, Tosk is called Arvanitika, the Greek term for Albanian. Distinct from Arvanitika Albanian [aat] proper. View other languages of Greece
Language Name
Albanian, Tosk
User Population
10,000 in Greece (2002).
- Language Status
- Unestablished
- Other Comments
- Non-indigenous. View other languages of Croatia
Language Name
Albanian, Tosk
User Population
17,100 in Croatia (2011 census). Ethnic population: 17,500 (2011 census).
- Language Status
- Unestablished
- Other Comments
- Non-indigenous. View other languages of North Macedonia
Language Name
Albanian, Tosk
User Population
3,700 in North Macedonia (Leclerc 2018b).
- Language Status
- Unestablished
- Other Comments
- Non-indigenous. View other languages of Sweden
Language Name
Albanian, Tosk
User Population
6,180 in Sweden (2020 census). , based on nationality.
- Location
- Bursa, Edirne, Istanbul, Kirklareli, and Tekirdag provinces; scattered in western Turkey.
- Language Status
- 6b (Threatened)
- Other Comments
- Non-indigenous. Muslim. View other languages of Turkey
Language Name
Albanian, Tosk
User Population
72,900 in Turkey (2019). 1,100 monolinguals (1965 census).
- Language Status
- Unestablished
- Other Comments
- Non-indigenous. View other languages of Ukraine
Language Name
Albanian, Tosk
User Population
1,740 in Ukraine (2001 census). Ethnic population: 3,310 (2001 census).
- Location
- Massachussetts: Boston; Illinois: Chicago; Michigan: Detroit, New York: New York city; Pennsylvania: Philadelphia.
- Language Status
- Unestablished
- Other Comments
- Non-indigenous. View other languages of United States
Language Name
Albanian, Tosk
User Population
66,900 in United States (2015 census). Census figure of 133,870 does not distinguish between Gheg [aln] and Tosk [als].
Map
Location: Widespread south of the Shkumbin river.
Size and Vitality
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