SA
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia
Summary
Official Name
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
International Conventions
CDE (1973), CSICH (2008), UNCRPD (2008), UNDRIP (2007)
Population
34,269,000
Principal Languages
Najdi Spoken Arabic, Standard Arabic
Literacy Rate
95% (2017 UNESCO)
General References
Bateson 1967, Campbell and King 2011, Comrie 1987, Holes 1990, Ingham 1994, Johnstone 1967, Kaye 1987
Language Counts
The number of established languages listed for Saudi Arabia is 9. All are living languages. Of these, 6 are indigenous and 3 are non-indigenous. Furthermore, 3 are institutional, 4 are vigorous, and 2 are in trouble. Also listed are 31 unestablished languages and 1 macrolanguage.
Languages
- Arabic ara
- Users: Population total all languages: 356,469,580. Status:
- Arabic, Egyptian Spoken arz
- Users: 597,000 in Saudi Arabia (2018). , based on ethnicity. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, South, Arabic
- Arabic, Gulf Spoken afb
- Eastern Province and Najran region: southeast Kuwait border inland, east to Persian Gulf north of Al Damman; south, Yeman and Oman borders. Users: 962,000 in Saudi Arabia (2018). , based on ethnicity. Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Gulf Spoken Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, South, Arabic
- Arabic, Hijazi Spoken acw
- ‘Asir, Bahah, Jizan, Madinah, Makkah, and Tabuk provinces; entire Red Sea coast and inland. Users: 10,300,000 in Saudi Arabia (2018). , based on ethnicity. Total users in all countries: 10,792,400. Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Hejazi Arabic, West Arabian Colloquial Arabic Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, South, Arabic
- Arabic, Najdi Spoken ars
- Widespread, especially interior areas; includes Al Hudud ash Shamaliyah, Al Jawf, Al Qasim, and Ha’il provinces; Al Madinah al Munawwarah province: Ta’if area and east; Ash Sharqiyah province north; Ar Riyad province: all but southeast; ’Asir and Najran provinces: south and west; Jizan province: small border area; Tabuk province: northeast. Users: 14,600,000 in Saudi Arabia (2018). , based on ethnicity. Total users in all countries: 18,153,010. Status: 3 (Wider communication). De facto national working language. Alternate Names: Najdi Autonym: نجدي (Najdi) Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, South, Arabic
- Arabic, North Levantine Spoken apc
- Users: 500,000 in Saudi Arabia (2018). , based on ethnicity. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, South, Arabic
- Arabic, Omani Spoken acx
- Users: 132,000 in Saudi Arabia (2018). , based on ethnicity. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, South, Arabic
- Arabic, Sanaani Spoken ayn
- Scattered. Users: 264,000 in Saudi Arabia (2018). , based on ethnicity. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, South, Arabic
- Arabic, South Levantine Spoken ajp
- Scattered. Users: 415,000 in Saudi Arabia (2018). , based on ethnicity. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, South, Arabic
- Arabic, Standard arb
- Widespread. Users: 25,900,000 in Saudi Arabia (2014 SIL), all users. Total users in all countries: 273,989,700. Status: 1 (National). Statutory national language (1992, Basic Law, Article 1). Alternate Names: Al-’Arabiyya, Literary Arabic Autonym: العربية (al-ʻArabīyah) Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, South, Arabic
- Arabic, Sudanese Spoken apd
- Users: 163,000 in Saudi Arabia (2018). , based on ethnicity. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, South, Arabic
- Arabic, Ta’izzi-Adeni Spoken acq
- Scattered. Users: 381,000 in Saudi Arabia (2018). , based on ethnicity. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, South, Arabic
- Balochi, Southern bcc
- Users: 16,700 in Saudi Arabia (2018). , based on ethnicity. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Balochi
- Bengali ben
- Users: 33,000 in Saudi Arabia (2018). , based on ethnicity. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Outer Languages, Eastern, Bengali-Assamese
- Chinese, Mandarin cmn
- Users: 132,000 in Saudi Arabia (2018). , based on ethnicity. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Chinese
- English eng
- Users: 101,000 in Saudi Arabia (2018). , based on ethnicity. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Germanic, West, English
- Faifi fif
- Jizan region: Jebel Faifa. Users: 50,000 (2009 A. Alfaifi). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Al-fayfiyah, Al-fifiyah, Fifi Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central
- French fra
- Users: 33,000 in Saudi Arabia (2018). , based on ethnicity. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Western, Gallo-Iberian, Gallo-Romance, Gallo-Rhaetian, Oïl, French
- Hindi hin
- Widespread. Users: 171,000 in Saudi Arabia (2020 Joshua Project). , based on ethnicity. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Western Hindi, Hindustani
- Indonesian ind
- Users: 99,000 in Saudi Arabia (2018). , based on ethnicity. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Malayo-Chamic, Malayic, Malay
- Jibbali shv
- Scattered. Users: 40,200 in Saudi Arabia (2018). , based on ethnicity. Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Shehri Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, South, South Arabian
- Kabardian kbd
- Users: 26,500 in Saudi Arabia (2018). , based on ethnicity. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Abkhaz-Adyghe, Circassian
- Korean kor
- Users: 173,000 in Saudi Arabia (2018). , based on ethnicity. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Koreanic
- Mehri gdq
- Eastern Province, Najran, and Riyadh regions. Users: 20,000 in Saudi Arabia (2012 Al Arabiya). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, South, South Arabian
- Persian, Iranian pes
- Users: 232,000 in Saudi Arabia (2018). , based on ethnicity. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Southwestern, Persian
- Punjabi, Eastern pan
- Users: 795,000 in Saudi Arabia (2018). , based on ethnicity. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Intermediate Divisions, Western, Panjabi
- Rohingya rhg
- Users: 500,000 in Saudi Arabia (2017 The Arakan Project). , based on nationality. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Outer Languages, Eastern, Bengali-Assamese
- Saudi Arabian Sign Language sdl
- Scattered. Users: 100,000 (2008 WFD). About 0.3% of total population. Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Classification: Sign language, Deaf community sign language
- Somali som
- Users: 69,600 in Saudi Arabia (2018). , based on ethnicity. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Cushitic, East, Somali
- Swahili swh
- Users: 395,000 in Saudi Arabia (2018). , based on ethnicity. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, G, Swahili (G.42)
- Tagalog tgl
- Users: 929,000 in Saudi Arabia (2018). , based on ethnicity. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Central Philippine, Central Philippine, Tagalog
- Telugu tel
- Users: 349,000 in Saudi Arabia (2018). , based on ethnicity. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Dravidian, South-Central, Telugu
- Turkish tur
- Users: 33,000 in Saudi Arabia (2018). , based on ethnicity. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Turkic, Southern, Turkish
- Urdu urd
- Users: 740,000 in Saudi Arabia (2018). , based on ethnicity. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Western Hindi, Hindustani
- Uyghur uig
- Users: 8,730 in Saudi Arabia (2018). , based on ethnicity. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Turkic, Eastern
Languages by Status
Arabic, Standard
[arb] 1 (National). Statutory national language (1992, Basic Law, Article 1). 25,900,000 in Saudi Arabia (2014 SIL), all users. Total users in all countries: 273,989,700.
Arabic, Hijazi Spoken
[acw] 6a* (Vigorous). 10,300,000 in Saudi Arabia (2018). , based on ethnicity. Total users in all countries: 10,792,400.
Arabic, Gulf Spoken
[afb] 6a* (Vigorous). 962,000 in Saudi Arabia (2018). , based on ethnicity.
Faifi
[fif] 6a* (Vigorous). 50,000 (2009 A. Alfaifi).
Saudi Arabian Sign Language
[sdl] 6a* (Vigorous). 100,000 (2008 WFD). About 0.3% of total population.
Language Vitality Profile

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Language Status Profile

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