Nigeria

Languages

Abanyom abm

Cross River state: Ikom LGA, Abangkang, main village. Users: 12,500 (1986). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Abanyum, Bakor, Befun, Bofon, Mbofon Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Ekoid, Bakor

Abishi pcn

Kaduna state: Saminaka LGA. Users: 8,100 (2013 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Abisi, Bisi, Piti, Pitti Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Kainji, Eastern, Piti-Atsam

Abon abo

Taraba state: Sardauna LGA, Abong town, east of Baissa. Users: 1,000 (1973 SIL). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Abong, Abõ, Ba’ban Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Tivoid

Abua abn

Rivers state: Ahoada and Degema LGAs. Users: 25,000 (Faraclas 1989). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Autonym: Abuan Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Cross River, Delta Cross, Central Delta, Abua-Odual

Abureni mgj

Bayelsa state: Brass LGA, Agrisaba (Obo-Emeke), 4 towns; Nembe LGA, Okoroba; Ogbia LGA, Idema and Opume; Rivers state: 2 areas. Users: Ethnic population: 4,000 (2006 J. Leclerc). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Mini Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Cross River, Delta Cross, Central Delta

Acipa, Eastern acp

Kaduna state: Birnin Gwari LGA, Bobi, Igwama, and Randeggi towns; Niger state: Kontagora LGA. Users: 5,000 (1993). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Achipa, Acipanci, Səgəmuk, Zubazuba Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Kainji, Western, Kamuku

Adara kad

Kaduna state: Kachia and Kajuru LGAs; Niger state: Muya and Paikoro LGAs. Users: 300,000 (2011 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Kadara, Èdà Autonym: Ànda Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Plateau, Northern

Aduge adu

Kogi state: Ijumu and Okehi LGAs; Edo state: Akoko-Edo LGA. Users: 1,900 (Crozier and Blench 1992). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Edoid, Northwestern

Afade aal

Borno state: Kala/Balge LGA, 12 villages. Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Afaɗә, Afada, Afadee, Afadeh, Affade, Kotoko, Mogari Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, Biu-Mandara, B, B.1, Kotoko Proper, North

Agatu agc

Benue state: Agatu, Apa, and Oturkpo LGAs; Kogi state: northeast; Nassarawa state: Nasarawa and Toto LGAs. Users: 70,000 (1987 UBS). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: North Idoma Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Idomoid, Akweya, Etulo-Idoma, Idoma

Agoi ibm

Cross River state: Akamkpa and Obubra LGAs; Yakurr LGA, Agoi-Ekpo, Agoi-Ibami, Ekom-Agoi, and Itu-Agoi towns. Users: 12,000 (Faraclas 1989). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Ibami, Ro Bambami, Wa Bambani, WaGoi Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Cross River, Delta Cross, Upper Cross, Agoi-Doko-Iyoniyong

Agwagwune yay

Cross River state: Abi and Biase LGAs; Ebonyi state: Afikpo North and Afikpo South LGAs. Users: 20,000 (1973 SIL). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Agwaguna, Akurakura, Okurikan, “Akunakuna” (pej.) Autonym: Gwune Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Cross River, Delta Cross, Upper Cross, Central, North-South, Ubaghara-Kohumono, Kohumono

Àhàn ahn

Ekiti state: Ekiti East LGA, Omuo town; Kogi state: Ijumu LGA; Ondo state: Akoko North West LGA, Ajowa and Igashi towns. Users: 300 (2000 R. Blench). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Ahaan Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Defoid, Ayere-Ahan

Ahwai nfd

Kaduna state: Sanga LGA, 25 villages surrounding Ahwai mountain. Users: 18,000 (2008 M. Rueck, K. Hannelová, and Z. Yoder). 3,400 Anyeng, 3,600 Andung, and 11,000 Shakara (2008 M. Rueck, K. Hannelová, and Z. Yoder). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Plateau, Central, West-Central

Ajawa ajw

Bauchi state. Users: No known L1 speakers. The last speaker either died or shifted to Hausa [hau] by 1940 (Ogbonna 2016). Status: 10 (Extinct). Alternate Names: Aja, Ajanci Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, West, B, B.2

Ajiya idc

Kaduna state: Kajuru LGA. Users: 5,000 (Blench 2011). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Ajuli, Idon, Idong, Misiwa Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Plateau, Northern

Ake aik

Nassarawa state: Lafia LGA, 3 villages. Users: 3,000 (Blench 1999b). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Aike, Akye, Kapon Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Plateau, Western, Southwestern, B

Akpa akf

Benue state: Ohimini and Oturkpo LGAs. Users: 26,900 (2000). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Akweya Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Idomoid, Yatye-Akpa

Akpes ibe

Ekiti state; Ondo state: Akoko North East and Akoko North West LGAs; Kogi state: Ijumu LGA. Users: 10,000 (Crozier and Blench 1992). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Ibaram-Efifa Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Akpes

Akuku ayk

Edo state: Akoko-Edo LGA; Kogi state: Okene. Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Edoid, Northwestern, Southern

Akum aku

Taraba state: Ekban, Konkom, and Manga villages near Cameroon border. Status: 8b (Nearly extinct). Alternate Names: Aakuem, Anyar, Oakuem Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Jukunoid, Yukuben-Kuteb

Alago ala

Nassarawa state: Doma, Keana, Lafia, Nasarawa, and Obi LGAs. Users: 100,000 (Blench 2019). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Arago, Aragu, Argo, Idoma Nokwu Autonym: Alago Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Idomoid, Akweya, Etulo-Idoma, Idoma

Alumu-Tesu aab

Nassarawa state: Wamba LGA, near Wamba. Alumu dialect in 7 villages; Tesu in 1. Users: 7,000 (Blench 1999b). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Alumu, Arum-Cesu, Arum-Chessu, Arum-Tesu, Təsu Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Plateau, Alumic

Ambo amb

Taraba state: Sardauna LGA, 1 village east of Baissa. Users: 1,000. Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Timap Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Tivoid

Amo amo

Kaduna state: Lere LGA; Plateau state: Bassa LGA. Users: 12,300 (2000). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Amap, Amon, Among, Ba Autonym: Timap Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Kainji, Eastern, Amo

Anaang anw

Abia state: Obi Ngwa, Ugwunagbo, and Ukwa East LGAs; Akwa Ibom state: Abak, Essien Udim, Ikot Ekpene, Oruk-Anam, and Ukanafun LGAs; Rivers state: Khana and Oyigbo LGAs. Users: 2,890,000 (2020). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Anang, Annang Autonym: Anaañ Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Cross River, Delta Cross, Lower Cross, Obolo, Efik

Áncá acb

Taraba state: Sardauna LGA, Antere area, Nca village. Users: Ethnic population: 300 (2006 J. Leclerc). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Bunta Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Unclassified

Aninka aqk

Kaduna state: Jema’a and Sanga LGAs; Nassarawa state: Wamba LGA. Users: 500 (2020 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Kurmi, Ninka, Nka, Sanga Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Plateau, Western, Southwestern, A

Arabic, North Levantine Spoken apc

Users: 62,000 in Nigeria (2021 Joshua Project). , based on ethnicity. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, South, Arabic

Arabic, Shuwa shu

Borno state: Bama, Dikwa, Konduga, and Ngala LGAs; widespread in Borno and Yobe states following livestock movement. Users: 200,000 in Nigeria (2020 Joshua Project). Status: 3 (Wider communication). Alternate Names: Arabe Choa, Chadian Arabic, Shua Arabic, Shuwa, Western Sudanic Arabic Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, South, Arabic

Arigidi aqg

Ondo state: Akoko North East and Akoko North West LGAs; Ekiti state: Ekiti East LGA; Kogi state: Ijumu LGA, very small border area. Users: 48,000 (Crozier and Blench 1992). 45,000 Igashi; 3,000 Uro. Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: North Akoko Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Defoid, Akokoid

Ashe ahs

Abuja Capital Territory: Bwari LGA; Kaduna state: Jema’a, Jaba, and Kagarko LGAs; Nassarawa state: Karu LGA. Users: 40,000 (2012 J. Barnhoorn), increasing. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Ache, Ala, Ishe, Koro Makama, Koron Ache, Koron Ala, Ìzɛ Autonym: Ishɛ Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Plateau, Western, Northwestern, Koro

Asu aum

Niger state: Kontagora and Mashegu LGAs, villages south of Kontagora. Users: 5,000 (1998 R. Blench). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Abewa, Ebe Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Nupoid, Nupe-Gbagyi, Nupe

Atsam cch

Kaduna state: Kauru LGA. Users: 30,000 (Barrett 1982). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Cawai, Cawe, Cawi, Chawai, Chawe, Chawi Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Kainji, Eastern, Piti-Atsam

Awak awo

Gombe state: Akko and Kaltungo LGAs. Users: 6,000 (1995 CAPRO). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Awok, Nìín Yěbù Autonym: Yěbù Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Adamawa, Waja-Jen, Waja, Awak

Ayere aye

Ekiti state; Kogi state: Ijumu LGA; Ondo state: Akoko North West and Akolo North East LGAs. Users: 3,000 (Crozier and Blench 1992). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Iluwu, Mayin nuwu, Oyuwu, Uwu Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Defoid, Ayere-Ahan

Ayu ayu

Kaduna state: Sanga LGA, Agamati, Amantu, Ambel, Anka, Arau, Diger, Gwade, Ikwa, Kongon, and Tayu villages. Users: 800 (2003 SIL). Status: 7 (Shifting). Alternate Names: Aya Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Plateau, Ayu

Baan bvj

Rivers state: Eleme, Gokana, and Tai LGAs, Ban-Ogoi and other villages. Users: 5,000 (1990). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Baan-Ogoi, Goi, Ogoi Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Cross River, Delta Cross, Ogoni, West

Baangi bqx

Niger state: Mariga LGA, Mariga and Bangi towns and surrounding area. Users: 15,000 (1996). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Cibaangi Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Kainji, Western, Kambari

Baatonum bba

Kwara state: Baruten LGA. Users: 100,000 in Nigeria (1995 R. Jones). Status: 5* (Dispersed). Alternate Names: Baatonun, Baatonun-Kwara, Barba, Bariba, Batonnum, Batonu, Berba, Bogung, Borgawa, Borgu, Burgu, Zana Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Bariba

Bacama bcy

Adamawa state: Lamurde, Numan, Demsa, Guyuk, Girei, Yola North and Yola South LGAs; Kaduna state: northeast of Kaduna town; Kogi state: confluence of Benue and Niger rivers. Users: 304,000 (2020). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Abacama, Bacama-Bwatiye, Bachama, Bashama, Bashamma, Besema, Bwaatye, Bwareba, Bwatiye, Gboare, Kwaa–Ɓwaare Autonym: Ɓwaare Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, Biu-Mandara, A, A.8

Bade bde

Yobe state: Bade, Jakusko, Borsari and Bade LGAs; Jigawa state: Guri LGA; Bauchi state: Zaki LGA. Users: 356,000 (2020). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Badanci, Bedde, Bede, Gidgid Autonym: Gabaden Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, West, B, B.1, Bade Proper

Bakpinka bbs

Cross River state: Akamkpa LGA. Users: No known L1 speakers. Last speakers probably survived into the early 2010s. Ethnic population: 4,000 (2006 J. Leclerc). Status: 9 (Dormant). Alternate Names: Begbungba, Iyongiyong, Iyoniyong, Uwet Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Cross River, Delta Cross, Upper Cross, Agoi-Doko-Iyoniyong

Bali bcn

Adamawa state: Demsa and Numan LGAs, at Bali on Jalingo road. Users: 2,000 (1991 R. Blench). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Bibaali, Ekpali, Ibaali Autonym: Abaali, Maya Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Adamawa, Leko-Nimbari, Mumuye-Yandang, Yandang

Bangwinji bsj

Gombe state: Balanga, Billiri, and Kaltungo LGAs. Users: 6,000 (Crozier and Blench 1992). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Bangunje, Bangunji Autonym: Bangjinge Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Adamawa, Waja-Jen, Waja, Tula

Bankal jjr

Bauchi state: Bauchi LGA, Din, Luda, Nyamrat, and Zungur; Dass LGA, Bajar, Dott, Lir; Tafawa-Balewa LGA, Bagel; Toro LGA, Kufai and Luchi. Users: 75,000 (2011 SIL). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Bankala, Bankalanci, Baranci, Jaranchi, Jaranci, Jarancin Kasa, Jarawa, Jarawan Kasa, Zhar Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Jarawan, Nigerian

Barikanchi bxo

Kano state; found in military barracks. Users: No known L1 speakers. Ethnic population: No ethnic community. Status: 9 (Second language only). Classification: Pidgin, Hausa based

Basa bzw

Benue state: Makurdi LGA; Kogi state: Ankpa and Bassa LGAs: confluence of Niger and Benue rivers; Nassarawa state: Nasarawa LGA; enclave on Nassarawa-Benue border. Users: 326,000 (2020). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Abacha, Abatsa, Basa-Benue, Bassa, Rubasa, “Bassa-Komo” (pej.), “Bassa-Kwomu” (pej.) Autonym: Rubassa Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Kainji, Western, Basa

Basa-Gumna bsl

Niger state: Chanchaga LGA; Plateau state: Nasarawa LGA. Users: No known L1 speakers. The last fluent speaker shifted to Hausa [hau] by 1987. Status: 10 (Extinct). Alternate Names: Basa, Basa Kuta, Basa-Kaduna, Bassa-Kaduna, Bassa-Kuta, Gwadara Basa Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Kainji, Western, Basa

Basa-Gurmana buj

Niger state: Chanchaga and Rafi border LGAs, Kafin Gurmana. Users: 2,000 (Blench 1987). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Koromba Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Kainji, Western, Basa

Bassa-Kontagora bsr

Niger state: Mariga LGA, northeast of Kontagora. Users: No known L1 speakers. Last speakers may have survived to the early 2000s. Ethnic population: 30,000. Status: 9 (Dormant). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Kainji, Western, Basa

Bata bta

Adamawa state: Demsa, Fufore, Girei, Maiha, Song, and Yola North LGAs. Users: 302,000 in Nigeria (2020). Total users in all countries: 304,500. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Batta, Bete, Birsa, Bwaatye, Bwatiye, Demsa Bata, Dunu, Eastern Bwatiye, Gboati, Gbwata, Gbwate Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, Biu-Mandara, A, A.8

Batu btu

Taraba state: Sardauna LGA, east of Baissa, below Mambila escarpment. Users: 25,000 (SIL). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Tivoid

Bauchi bsf

Niger state: Rafi and Shiroro LGAs. Users: 20,000 (Blench 1988). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Bauchi-Guda, Bauci, Baushi, Kushi Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Kainji, Western, Baushi-Gurmana

Beele bxq

Bauchi state: a few villages. Users: 120 (Temple and Temple 1922). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Bele, Bellawa, Àbéélé Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, West, A, A.2, Bole, Bole Proper

Bekwarra bkv

Benue state: Vandeika LGA; Cross River state: Bekwara LGA. Users: 100,000 (1989 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Bekwara, Bekworra, Yakoro Autonym: Ebekwara Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Cross River, Bendi

Belning glb

Plateau state: Pankshin LGA, Pankshin district, Dungkulom, Dunglim, Korom, Langung, and Zong villages. Users: 500 (2020 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Balning, Belnəng Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, West, A, A.3, Angas Proper, 1

Bena yun

Adamawa state: Gombi, Guyuk, and Song LGAs, Song to Yola road settlements. Users: 95,000 (1992). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Binna, Buna, Ebina, Ebuna, Gbinna, Purra, Yangeru, Yangur, Yongor, Yungirba, Yungur, Ɓәna, “Lala” (pej.) Autonym: Ebәna, Ɓə́ná-Yungur Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Adamawa, Waja-Jen, Yungur, Yungur-Roba

Berom bom

Bauchi state; Kaduna state: Jema’a LGA; Plateau state: Barakin Ladi, Jos South, Riyom LGAs. Users: 1,320,000 (2020). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Afango, Akuut, Baho, Berum, Birom, Gbang, Kibbo, Kibbun, Kibo, Kibyen, Lêm Berom, Sine, “Shaushau” (pej.), “Shosho” (pej.) Autonym: Cèn Bèrom Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Plateau, Beromic

Bete byf

Taraba state: Takum LGA, Bete town, foot of Bete mountain. Users: 50 (1992). Ethnic population: 3,000. Status: 8b (Nearly extinct). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Jukunoid

Bete-Bendi btt

Cross River state: Boki, Obanliku, and Obudu LGAs. Users: 100,000 (2006 L. Otronyi), increasing. Some elderly monolinguals. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Bette-Bendi, Dama Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Cross River, Bendi

Bijim jbm

Bauchi state: Tafawa Balewa LGA; Plateau state: Pankshin LGA. Users: 10,000 (2020 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Bijimawa, Vaghat, Vaghat-Ya-Bijim-Legeri Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Plateau, Western, Southwestern, A

Bille bil

Adamawa state: Demsa LGA, along Bille river. Users: 38,000 (2012 M. Rueck, Z. Yoder, and K. Hannelová). Elderly are monolingual. Ethnic population: 42,000. Status: 7 (Shifting). Alternate Names: Bile, Bili, Billanchi, Kun-Ɓíilé, ɓa Ɓíilé Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Jarawan, Nigerian

Bina byj

Kaduna state: Kauru and Lere LGAs. Users: 7,000 (2000). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Abin, Bin, Binawa, Bogana, Ibin, Tibin Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Kainji, Eastern, Northern Jos, Kauru

Bisã bqp

Kebbi state: Bagudo LGA, 35 villages; Kwara state: south of Kanji reservoir; Niger state: Borgu LGA. Users: 15,000 (2015 R. Jones). 20,000 ethnic Laaru, Lupa and Kambari. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Bariba, Bisayã, Boussa, Busa, Busa-Bisã, Busano, Bussanchi, Bussawa Autonym: Bisã Classification: Niger-Congo, Mande, Eastern, Eastern, Busa

Biseni ije

Rivers state: Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni LGA, Niger river east bank, Forcados river exit; Bayelsa state: Sagbama LGA, small area. Users: 4,800 (Voegelin and Voegelin 1977). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Amegi, Buseni, Northeast Central Ijo Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Ijoid, Ijo, West, Inland Ijo

Bitare brt

Taraba state: Kurmi LGA, near Baissa. Users: 46,300 in Nigeria (Blench 2003). Total users in all countries: 52,300. Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Asha, Njwande, Yukutare Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Tivoid

Bo-Rukul mae

Plateau state: Bokkos LGA, Barkul, Mabo, Mwa, and Richa villages. Users: 2,000 (Blench 1999b). 1,000 in each dialect. Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Mabo-Barkul, Mabo-Barukul, “Kaleri” (pej.) Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Plateau, Southeastern

Boga bvw

Adamawa state: Hong LGA. Users: 10,000 (Blench and Zeitlyn 1990). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Boka Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, Biu-Mandara, A, A.1, Eastern

Boghom bux

Plateau state: Kanam, Shendam, and Wase LGAs. Users: 50,000 (1973 SIL). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Bogghom, Boghorom, Bohom, Bokiyim, Borrom, Burma, Burom, Burrum, Burum, Burumawa Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, West, B, B.3, Boghom

Boko bqc

Kebbi state: Bagudo LGA, Senji north to Demmo, Kaoje, and Kenugbe, 35 villages; Niger state: Borgu LGA; possibly in Kwara state. Users: 50,000 in Nigeria (2012 R. Jones). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Bo’o, Bokonya Classification: Niger-Congo, Mande, Eastern, Eastern, Busa

Bokobaru bus

Kwara state: Kaiama LGA, some in Baruten LGA; 35 villages. Users: 62,000 (2012 R. Jones). 10,800 in Kaiama, 51,200 in surrounding villages. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Bariba, Busa-Bokobaru, Bussanchi, Bussawa, Zogbeya, Zogbme, Zugweya Autonym: Zogben Classification: Niger-Congo, Mande, Eastern, Eastern, Busa

Bokyi bky

Cross River state: Boki LGA. Users: 275,000 in Nigeria (2020). Total users in all countries: 282,900. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Boki, Nfua, Nki, Okii, Osikom, Osukam, Uki, Vaaneroki Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Cross River, Bendi

Bole bol

Bauchi state: Alkaleri, Darazo, and Dukku LGAs; Gombe state: Dukku LGA; Plateau state: Wase LGA; Yobe state: Fika LGA. Users: 228,000 (2020). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Am Pìkkà, Ampika, Anika, Bolanchi, Bolanci, Bolawa, Bolewa Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, West, A, A.2, Bole, Bole Proper

Bu jid

Kaduna State: Sanga LGA; Nassarawa state: Wamba LGA. Users: 20,000 (2017 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Ibut, Jida, Jida-Abu, Jidda-Abu, Nakare Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Plateau, Western, Southwestern, A

Bu zbu

Bauchi state: Toro LGA. Users: 3,000 (2019 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Buu, Zaranda, Zarandawa Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, West, B, B.3, Zaar Proper

Bukpe ukp

Cross River state: Ikom and Obudu LGAs. Users: 21,500 (2013 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Ukpe, Ukpe-Bayobiri Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Cross River, Bendi

Bukwen buz

Taraba state: 1 village near Takum. Users: 1,000. Status: 6b* (Threatened). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Beboid

Bumaji byp

Cross River state: Obudu LGA, Bumaji town. Users: 11,400 (2000). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Cross River, Bendi

Bura-Pabir bwr

Adamawa state: Gombi LGA; Borno state: Askira-Uba and Biu LGAs; Yobe state: south. Users: 507,000 (2020). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Babir, Babur, Barburr, Bourrah, Bura, Burra, Huve, Huviya, Kwojeffa, Mya Bura, Pabir Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, Biu-Mandara, A, A.2, 1

Burak bys

Gombe state: Billiri and Kaltungo LGAs, Burak town. Users: 4,000 (Crozier and Blench 1992). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Buurak, Shongom Autonym: nyuwǎ Ɓúúrák Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Adamawa, Waja-Jen, Jen

Bure bvh

Bauchi state: Kirfi LGA, Bure village. Users: 20 (Batic 2011), decreasing. Ethnic population: 500. Status: 8b (Nearly extinct). Alternate Names: Bubure Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, West, A, A.2, Bole, Bole Proper

Buru bqw

Taraba state: Sardauna LGA, Batu area, 1 village. Users: 1,000. Status: 6b* (Threatened). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Unclassified

C’Lela dri

Kebbi state: Donko-Wasagu, Sakaba, and Zuru LGAs; Niger state: Rijau LGA; west Zamfara state: Gummi LGA border area. Users: 90,000 (1993 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Cala-Cala, Chilala, Chilela, CˀLela, Dakakari, Dakarci, Dakarkari, Dakkarkari, Kalla-Kalla, Kolela, Lalawa, Lela, Zuru Autonym: C’Lela Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Kainji, Western, Duka

Cahungwarya nat

Niger state: Rafi LGA, Kagara and Maikujeri town areas. Users: 20,000 (2003 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Hungworo, Ingwe, Ingwo, Ngwai, Ngwe, Ngwoi, Nkwoi, Ungwai, Ungwe Autonym: Cәhungwә̀ryə̀ Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Kainji, Western, Kamuku

Cakfem-Mushere cky

Plateau state: Mangu LGA. Users: 5,000 (1990 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Chakfem, Chokfem Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, West, A, A.3, Angas Proper, 1

Cara cfd

Plateau state: Bassa LGA, 10 villages. Users: 3,000 (1999 R. Blench). Ethnic population: 7,000 (2019 SIL). Status: 7 (Shifting). Alternate Names: Chara, Facara, Fachara, Fakara, Nfachara, Pakara, Tariya, Tera, Terea, Teriya, Terri Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Plateau, Central, North-Central

Centúúm cet

Gombe state: Balanga LGA, Cham town. Users: No known L1 speakers. Last speaker likely died around 2010, when a search failed to find any remaining speakers (Blench 2019). Status: 10 (Extinct). Alternate Names: Cen Tuum, Jaabɛ, Jalaa, Jalabɛ Classification: Language isolate

Chinese, Mandarin cmn

Users: 3,800 in Nigeria (2021 Joshua Project). , based on ethnicity. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Chinese

Chinese, Wu wuu

Users: 5,600 in Nigeria (2021 Joshua Project). , based on ethnicity. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Chinese

Chinese, Yue yue

Users: 9,400 in Nigeria (2021 Joshua Project). , based on ethnicity. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Chinese

Cicipu awc

Kebbi state: Sakaba LGA, Sakaba; Niger state: Mariga LGA, Kakihum and Kumbashi. Users: 20,000 (1995 CAPRO). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Achipa, Acipa, Acipanci, Cipu, Tocipu, Western Acipa Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Kainji, Western, Kamuku

Cineni cie

Borno state: Gwoza LGA, Cineni village. Users: 3,000 (1998). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Cinene Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, Biu-Mandara, A, A.4, Mandara Proper, Glavda

Cishingini asg

Kebbi state: east of Niger river from Yelwa area south to Nasko and Ngaski; Niger state: Agwara and Borgu LGAs, west of Niger river. Users: 100,000 (2004 SIL). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Agwara Kambari, Aschingini, Ashaganna, Ashingini, Chisingini, Kambari, Kamberchi, Kamberri, Tsishingini, Yauri, “Maunchi” (pej.), “Mawanchi” (pej.) Autonym: Cishingini Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Kainji, Western, Kambari

Ciwogai tgd

Bauchi state: Ganjuwa LGA, Tsagu village area. Users: 2,000 (1995 CAPRO). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Sago, Tsaganci, Tsagu Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, West, B, B.2

Daba dbq

Adamawa state: Mubi LGA, 1 village between Bahuli and Mubi. Users: 1,000 in Nigeria (Crozier and Blench 1992). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Dabba Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, Biu-Mandara, A, A.7

Dadiya dbd

Adamawa state: Lamurde LGA, between Bambam and Dadiya; Gombe state: Balanga LGA; Taraba state: Karim Lamido LGA. Users: 70,000 (2014 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Daadiya, Dadia, Loodiya, Nda Dia Autonym: Nyiyo Daddi̱ya Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Adamawa, Waja-Jen, Waja, Dadiya

Damakawa dam

Kebbi state: Sakaba LGA, 3 or 4 villages. Kilo village is central. Users: No known L1 speakers. Last fluent speakers probably survived into the late 20th century. Ethnic population: 750. Status: 9 (Dormant). Alternate Names: Tidama’un Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Kainji, Western, Duka

Dass dot

Bauchi state: Akleri, Dass, and Toro LGAs; Plateau state: Shendam LGA. Users: 8,830 (1971 census). 1,130 Lukshi, 4,700 Durr-Baraza, 700 Wandi and Zumbul, 2,300 Dot (1971 census). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Barawa Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, West, B, B.3

Defaka afn

Rivers state: Opobo-Nkoro LGA, Nkoro town in Niger delta. Users: 200 (2001 R. Blench). Status: 8b (Nearly extinct). Alternate Names: Afakani, Defaka-Nkooro Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Ijoid, Defaka

Degema deg

Rivers state: Degema LGA, Degema town (Atala dialect) and Usokun-Degema (Usokun dialect) communities. Users: 10,000 (1999 SIL). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Edoid, Delta

Dendi ddn

Kebbi state: Argungu and Bagudo LGAs, on upper Niger river. Users: 2,050 in Nigeria (2000). Status: 5 (Dispersed). Alternate Names: Dandawa, Dandi, Songhay Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Songhai, Southern

Deno dbb

Bauchi state: Darazo LGA, 45 km northeast of Bauchi town; Gombe state: Dukku LGA. Users: 6,000 (1995 CAPRO). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Be, Denawa, Denwa Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, West, A, A.2, Bole, Bole Proper

Dera kna

Adamawa state: Guyuk LGA; Borno state: Biu LGA; Gombe state: Balanga LGA. Users: 20,000 (1973 SIL). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Kanakuru Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, West, A, A.2, Tangale, Dera

Dghwede dgh

Borno state: Gwoza LGA. Users: 30,000 (1980 UBS). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Azaghvana, Dehoxde, Hude, Johode, Tghuade, Toghwede, Traude, Wa’a, Zaghvana Autonym: Dghwéɗè Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, Biu-Mandara, A, A.4, Mandara Proper, Glavda

Dibo dio

Abuja Capital Territory: Abaji LGA, areas along Gurare river; Niger state: Agaie, Katcha, and Lapai LGAs. Users: 215,000 (2020). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Ganagana, Ganagawa, Shitako, Zhitako, Zitako Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Nupoid, Nupe-Gbagyi

Dikaka cfa

Adamawa state: Lamurde LGA; Gombe state: Balanga and Kaltungo LGAs. Users: 25,000 (1998). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Dijim-Bwilim Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Adamawa, Waja-Jen, Waja, Cham-Mona

Diri dwa

Bauchi state: Darazo and Ningi LGAs. Users: 7,200 (2000). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Buwane, Diriya, Dirya, Diryanci, Diryawa, Sago, Tsagu Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, West, B, B.2

Dirim dir

Taraba state: Bali LGA. Users: 9,000 (1992 CAPRO). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Daka, Dakka, Dirin, Dirrim Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Northern, Dakoid

Doka dbi

Kaduna state: Kachia LGA, 1 village. Users: 11,400 (2000). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Kadara Doka Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Plateau, Northern

Doko-Uyanga uya

Cross River state: Akamkpa LGA, a few villages. Users: 200. Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Basanga, Dosanga, Iko, Uyanga Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Cross River, Delta Cross, Upper Cross, Agoi-Doko-Iyoniyong

Dong doh

Adamawa state: Mayo Belwa LGA; Taraba state: Zing LGA. Users: 5,000 (1998 R. Blench). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Donga Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Northern, Dakoid

Duguri dbm

Bauchi state: Alkaleri and Bauchi LGAs; Plateau state: Kanam LGA. Users: 65,000 (2008 M. Rueck), decreasing. Status: 7 (Shifting). Alternate Names: Dugarwa, Duguranci, Dugurawa, Dukuri, Dõõri Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Jarawan, Nigerian

Duhwa kbz

Nassarawa state: Akwanga LGA, Kerifa village; Plateau state: Barkin Ladi and Bokkos LGAs. Users: 800 (1973 SIL). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Karfa, Kerifa, Nzuhwi Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, West, A, A.4, Ron Proper

Dulbu dbo

Bauchi state: Bauchi LGA, Dulbu village. Users: 100 (1993). Status: 8b (Nearly extinct). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Jarawan, Nigerian

Dungu dbv

Kaduna state: Saminaka LGA, Dungi town. Users: 1,100 (2000). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Dingi, Dungi, Dunjawa, Dwingi Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Kainji, Eastern, Northern Jos, Kauru

Duwai dbp

Kano state: Hadejia LGA; Yobe state: Bade LGA. Users: 11,400 (2000). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Eastern Bade, Evji Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, West, B, B.1, Duwai

Duya ldb

Kaduna state: Jaba, Jema’a, and Kagarko LGAs; Nassarawa state: Karu LGA. Users: 78,000 (2012 W. Bai). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Adong, Adṹ, Idun, Jaba Duya, Jaba Lunga, Lungu, Ungu Autonym: Idṹ Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Plateau, Western, Northwestern, Koro

Dza jen

Adamawa state: Lamurde and Numan LGAs; Gombe state: Balanga LGA; Taraba state: Ardokola, Gassol, Ibi, Jalingo, Karim Lamido, and Lau LGAs; main town is Dza by Benue river. Users: 100,000 (2014 NBTT). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Ja, Janjo, Jen, Jenjo, Èédzá Autonym: nnwa’ Dzâ Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Adamawa, Waja-Jen, Jen

Ebira igb

Edo state: Akoko-Edo LGA; Kwara state: Kogi, Okehi, and Okene LGAs; Nassarawa state: Nasarawa LGA. Users: 2,210,000 (2020). 900,000 monolinguals. Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Egbira, Egbura, Ibara, Igbarra, Igbira, Igbirra, Katawa, Kotokori, Kwotto Autonym: Ebira Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Nupoid, Ebira-Gade

Ebughu ebg

Akwa Ibom state: Mbo and Oron LGAs. Users: 5,000 (1988). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Oron Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Cross River, Delta Cross, Lower Cross, Obolo, Ebughu

Edo bin

Delta state: Ike North East and Ike South LGAs; Edo state: Benin City, north Oredo, Orhionmwon, Ovia South West, Ovia North East, and south Uhunmwonde LGAs; Ondo state: Irele and Ose LGAs. Users: 2,030,000 in Nigeria (2020). Total users in all countries: 2,031,670. Status: 4 (Educational). De facto language of provincial identity in Edo, Delta, and Ondo states, used in education. Alternate Names: Addo, Benin, Bini, Oviedo, Ovioba Autonym: Edo Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Edoid, North-Central, Edo-Esan-Ora

Efai efa

Akwa Ibom state: Mbo LGA. Users: 6,320 in Nigeria (2000). Total users in all countries: 7,210. Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Effiat Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Cross River, Delta Cross, Lower Cross, Obolo, Efai

Efik efi

Akwa Ibom state: Itu town; Cross River state: Calabar municipality, Akamkpa and Odukpani LGAs. Users: 2,693,000 in Nigeria, all users. L1 users: 693,000 in Nigeria (2020). L2 users: 2,000,000. Total users in all countries: 2,698,620 (as L1: 698,620; as L2: 2,000,000). Status: 3 (Wider communication). De facto language of provincial identity in Cross River and Akwa Ibom states, all domains. The Efik Bible, published in 1868, was the very first translation into any Nigerian language and is used widely throughout the region. Following translation of Efik Bible, adopted as church language in surrounding area. Now used throughout Cross River State in church, market, business, and media domains. Alternate Names: Calabar Autonym: Efik Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Cross River, Delta Cross, Lower Cross, Obolo, Efik

Efutop ofu

Cross River state: Ikom LGA. Users: 10,000 (1973 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Agbaragba, Ofutop Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Ekoid, Bakor

Eggon ego

Nassarawa state: Akwanga, Awe, Doma, Karu, Keana, Keffi, Kokona, Lafia, Nasarawa Egon, Nassarawa, Obi, Toto, and Wamba LGAs. Users: 268,000 (2020). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Egon, Hill Mada, Mada Dutse, Mada Eggon, Mo Egon Autonym: onumu Egon Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Plateau, Western, Southwestern, B

Ehueun ehu

Ekiti state: Aiyekire LGA. Users: 14,200 (2000). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Ekpenmen, Ekpimi, Epimi Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Edoid, Northwestern, Osse

Ejagham etu

Cross River state: Akampka, Calabar, Idom, and Odukpani LGAs. Users: 67,300 in Nigeria (2000). Total users in all countries: 116,700. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Ekoi, Jagham Autonym: Éjághám Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Ekoid

Ekajuk eka

Cross River state: Ogoja LGA, Bansara, Ebanibim, Mfom, Ntara, and Nwang towns. Users: 63,000 (Yoder et al 2008). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Akajo, Akajuk Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Ekoid, Bakor

Eki eki

Cross River state: northeast of Efik, south of Idere. Users: 5,000 (Crozier and Blench 1992). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Cross River, Delta Cross, Lower Cross, Obolo

Ekit eke

Akwa Ibom state: Eket and Esit Eket LGAs. Users: 443,000 (2020). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Eket, Ekid Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Cross River, Delta Cross, Lower Cross, Obolo, Ekit

Ekpeye ekp

Bayelsa state: Yenegoa LGA; Rivers state: Ahoada East and Ahoada West LGAs. Users: 30,000 (1973 SIL). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Ekkpahia, Ekpabya, Ekpaffia Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Igboid, Ekpeye

Elege alf

Cross River state: Obudu LGA. Users: 16,300 (2013 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Alege, Alegi, Ugbe, Uge Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Cross River, Bendi

Eleme elm

Rivers state: Eleme LGA. Users: 58,000 (1990 UBS). 2,900 monolinguals. Status: 5 (Developing). Autonym: Eleme Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Cross River, Delta Cross, Ogoni, West

Eloyi afo

Benue state: Agatu LGA, Benue river areas; Nassarawa state: Awe and Nasarawa LGAs. Users: 25,000 (2000 SIL). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Afao, Afo, Afu, Aho, Epe, Keffi Autonym: Eloyi Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Idomoid, Akweya, Eloyi

Emai-Iuleha-Ora ema

Edo state: Owan East LGA; Ondo state: Akoko South West, Akoko North East, and Ose LGAs; Ekiti state: Ondo border areas southeast. Users: 231,000 (2020). Status: 4 (Educational). Alternate Names: Aoma, Ivbiosakon, Kunibum Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Edoid, North-Central, Edo-Esan-Ora

Engenni enn

Bayelsa state: Yenagoa LGA; Rivers state: Ahoada West LGA. Users: 20,000 (1980 UBS). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Ngene Autonym: Egene Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Edoid, Delta

English eng

Users: 60,024,000 in Nigeria, all users. L1 users: 24,000 in Nigeria (2021 Joshua Project). , based on ethnicity. L2 users: 60,000,000 (Crystal 2003a). Status: 1 (National). De facto national language. Classification: Indo-European, Germanic, West, English

Enwan env

Edo state: Akoko-Edo LGA. Users: Ethnic population: 14,000 (2006 J. Leclerc). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Edoid, North-Central, Ghotuo-Uneme-Yekhee

Enwan enw

Akwa Ibom state: Mbo LGA. Users: 15,000 (1998 B. Connell). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Enwang, Oron Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Cross River, Delta Cross, Lower Cross, Obolo, Enwang-Uda

Epie epi

Bayelsa state: Yenagoa LGA. Users: 140,000 (2021 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Epie-Atissa Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Edoid, Delta

Eruwa erh

Delta state: Isoko LGA. Users: 850 (Ekiugbo and Diffre-Odiete 2018). Ethnic population: 2,000 (Ekiugbo and Diffre-Odiete 2018). Status: 7 (Shifting). Alternate Names: Arokwa, Erakwa, Erohwa Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Edoid, Southwestern

Esan ish

Delta state: Aniocha North LGA; Edo state: Esan Central, Esan North-East, Esan South-East, Esan West LGAs. Users: 651,000 (2020). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Esa, Isa, Ishan Autonym: Awain Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Edoid, North-Central, Edo-Esan-Ora

Esimbi ags

Taraba state: south-southeast of Wukari. Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Aage, Age, Bogue, Eshimbi, Essimbi, Isimbi, Mburugam, Simpi Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Tivoid

Etebi etb

Akwa Ibom state: Esit Eket LGA. Users: 15,000 (1989). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Cross River, Delta Cross, Lower Cross, Obolo, Ekit

Etkywan ich

Taraba state: Bali, Sardauna, Takum, and part of Wukari LGAs. Users: 50,200 (2000). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Etekwe, Icen, Ichen, Itchen, Kyanton, Nyidu Autonym: Kentu, Kyãtõ Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Jukunoid, Central, Kpan-Icen

Etsako ets

Edo state: Etsako Central, Etsako East, and Etsako West LGAs; Kogi state: Ajaokuta LGA. Users: 511,000 (2020). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Afenmai, Etsakor, Iyekhee, Yekhee, “Kukuruku” (pej.) Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Edoid, North-Central, Ghotuo-Uneme-Yekhee

Etulo utr

Benue state: Gboko LGA; Taraba state: Wukari LGA. Users: 10,000 (1988 R. Shain). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Eturo, Turumawa, Utur Autonym: Etulo Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Idomoid, Akweya, Etulo-Idoma, Etulo

Evant bzz

Cross River state: Obanliku LGA. Users: 10,000 in Nigeria (1996 SIL). Total users in all countries: 11,000. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Avand, Avande, Balegete, Belegete, Evand, Ovand, Ovande, Ovando Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Tivoid

Ezaa eza

Benue state: Ado LGA; Ebonyi state: Ezaa North, Ezaa South, Ishielu, Ivo, Ohaukwu, and Onicha LGAs; Enugu state: Nkanu East LGA. Users: 738,000 (2020). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Eza, Ezza Autonym: Ezaa Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Igboid, Igbo

Fali fli

Adamawa state: Mubi North, Mubi South LGAs. Users: 25,000 (2010 Z. Yoder et al.). 5,500 in the language area; 5,000 outside, many of whom return each summer. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Fali of Mubi, Fali of Muchella, Vimtim, Yimtim Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, Biu-Mandara, A, A.8

Fali of Baissa fah

Taraba state. Users: No known L1 speakers. Few left (Crozier and Blench 1992). Last speakers may have survived into the 2000s. Status: 10 (Extinct). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Unclassified

Fam fam

Taraba state: Bali LGA, 17 km east of Kungana. Users: 1,000 (1984). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Kɔŋa, Konga Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Northern, Fam

Firan fir

Plateau state: Riyom LGA, Ganawuri district, 12 villages. Users: 5,000 (2019 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Afiran, Fəràn, Faran, Fɨràn, Forom, Foron, Kwakwi, yes Bèfɨràn Autonym: Firan Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Plateau, Central, South-Central

French fra

Users: 8,300 in Nigeria (2021 Joshua Project). , based on ethnicity. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Western, Gallo-Iberian, Gallo-Romance, Gallo-Rhaetian, Oïl, French

Fulfulde, Adamawa fub

Adamawa and Taraba states: Yola area. Users: 7,610,000 all Fulfulde in Nigeria (1991 SIL). Status: 5 (Dispersed). De facto language of provincial identity in Adamwa and Taraba states. Alternate Names: Eastern Fulfulde, Fillanci, Fula, Fulani, Fulatanchi, Fulbe, Fulfulde Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Atlantic, Northern, Senegambian, Fula-Wolof, Fula, Eastern

Fulfulde, Benin-Togo fue

Niger state: west of Kainji reservoir. Status: 5* (Developing). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Atlantic, Northern, Senegambian, Fula-Wolof, Fula, West Central

Fulfulde, Nigerian fuv

Widespread. Users: 16,500,000 in Nigeria (2020), increasing. Total users in all countries: 16,585,000. Status: 3 (Wider communication). Used as LWC in the market in Bauchi, Gombe, and Borno states. Alternate Names: Fulɓe, Fulani, Fulatanci, Hausa States Fulfulde Autonym: Fulfulde Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Atlantic, Northern, Senegambian, Fula-Wolof, Fula, East Central

Fum fum

Taraba state: Sardauna LGA, Antere, on Cameroon border. Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Wide Grassfields, Narrow Grassfields

Fungwa ula

Niger state: Rafi LGA. Users: 1,000 (1992 R. Blench). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Afungwa, Tufungwa, Ula, Ura Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Kainji, Western, Kamuku

Fyer fie

Plateau state: Pankshin LGA, Fyer district. Users: 26,100 (2000). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Fer, Fier Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, West, A, A.4, Fyer

Ga’anda gqa

Adamawa state: Gombi LGA; Guyuk, Mubi, and Song LGAs; Borno state: Biu LGA. Users: 43,000 (1992). Status: 4 (Educational). Alternate Names: Ga’ana, Ga’andu, Ganda, Kaandecha, Makwar, Mokar Autonym: Kaandata Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, Biu-Mandara, A, A.1, Eastern

Gaa ttb

Adamawa state: Ganye LGA on Tiba plateau, between Garba Sbege and Jada. Users: 10,000 (1997 R. Boyd). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Tiba, Tәbaya Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Northern, Dakoid

Gade ged

Abuja Capital Territory: Abuja Municipal Area Council and Kuje LGA; Nassarawa state: Nasarawa and Toto LGAs. Users: 72,100 (2000). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Gede Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Nupoid, Ebira-Gade

Galambu glo

Bauchi state: Bauchi LGA. Users: Ethnic population: 25,000 (2006 J. Leclerc). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Galambe, Galambi, Galembi Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, West, A, A.2, Bole, Bole Proper

Gamo-Ningi bte

Bauchi state: Ningi LGA. Users: No known L1 speakers. Last known speaker survived into the early 1980s. Ethnic population: 15,000 (Crozier and Blench 1992). Status: 9 (Dormant). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Kainji, Eastern, Northern Jos, Jera

Ganang gne

Plateau state: Gashish Kuk village area, Nye and Iny settlements, southeast of Jos. Users: 3,000 (2007), decreasing. Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Gashish Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Plateau, Central, South-Central

Gbagyi gbr

Abuja Capital Territory: Abuja Municipal Area Council, Bwari, Kuje, and Kwali LGAs; Kaduna state: Birnin-Gwari, Chikun, Giwa, Igabi, Kachia, Kagarko, Kanuru, and Soba LGAs; Kaduna city; Kogi state: Kogi LGA; Niger state: Chanchaga, Rafi, Shiroro, and Suleija LGAs; Nassarawa state: Keffi and Nasarawa LGAs. Users: 1,290,000 (2020). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: East Gwari, Gbagye, Gwari, Gwari Matai, Ibagyi Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Nupoid, Nupe-Gbagyi, Gbagyi-Gbari

Gbari gby

Abuja Capital Territory: Gwagwalada; Kogi state: Kogi LGA; Niger state: Zungeru to Kaduna river north, southeast through Agaie, Chanchaga, Lapai, Minna, Paiko, Rafi, and Suleija LGAs. Users: 550,000 (2020). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Gbari Yamma, Gwari Yamma, Nkwa, West Gwari Autonym: Gbari Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Nupoid, Nupe-Gbagyi, Gbagyi-Gbari

Gbaya, Northwest gya

Taraba state: Bali LGA. Users: Very few in Nigeria. Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Baya Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Ubangi, Gbaya-Manza-Ngbaka, Northwest

Gengle geg

Adamawa state: Fufore and Mayo Belwa LGAs. Users: 4,000. Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Momu, Wegele, Yagele Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Adamawa, Leko-Nimbari, Mumuye-Yandang, Mumuye

Gera gew

Bauchi state: Bauchi and Ganjuwa LGAs, Bauchi town. Users: 200,000 (1995 CAPRO). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Fyandigere, Fyandigeri, Gerawa, Rawam Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, West, A, A.2, Bole, Bole Proper

German, Standard deu

Users: 4,100 in Nigeria (2021 Joshua Project). , based on ethnicity. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Germanic, West, High German, German, Middle German, East Middle German

Geruma gea

Bauchi state: Bauchi, Ganjuwa, South Ningi, and Toro LGAs. Users: 9,030 (2000). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Geerum, Gerema, Germa, Gyeermu Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, West, A, A.2, Bole, Bole Proper

Ghotuo aaa

Edo state: Owan East LGA, Ogbodo. Users: 9,000 (1994). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Otuo, Otwa Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Edoid, North-Central, Ghotuo-Uneme-Yekhee

Gibanawa gib

Kebbi state: Jega LGA. Users: No known L1 speakers. Ethnic population: No ethnic community. Status: 9 (Second language only). Alternate Names: Gembanawa, Gimbanawa, Jega Classification: Pidgin, Hausa based

Giiwo kks

Bauchi state: Alkaleri, Bauchi, and Darazo LGAs. Users: 14,000 (1998 SIL). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Bu Giiwo, Kirfi, Kirifawa, Kirifi, Ma Giiwo Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, West, A, A.2, Bole, Bole Proper

Glavda glw

Borno state: Gwoza LGA, mainly Nggoshe village; Agapalawa, Amuda, Ashigashiya, Kerawa, Pelekwa, and Vale villages. Users: 28,500 in Nigeria (2000). Total users in all countries: 31,300. Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Galavda, Galvaxdaxa, Gelebda, Glanda, Guelebda, Wakura Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, Biu-Mandara, A, A.4, Mandara Proper, Glavda

Goemai ank

Nassarawa state: Awe and Lafia LGAs; Plateau state: Shendam LGA. Users: 380,000 (2020). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Ankwai, Ankwe, Ankwei, Gamai, Kemai Autonym: Ga̱mai Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, West, A, A.3, Angas Proper, 2

Gokana gkn

Rivers state: Gokana and Ogoni LGAs. Users: 100,000 (1989). Status: 5 (Developing). Autonym: Gokana Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Cross River, Delta Cross, Ogoni, East

Gude gde

Borno state: Askira-Uba LGA; Adamawa state: Mubi LGA. Users: 68,000 in Nigeria (1987). Total users in all countries: 88,000. Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Cheke, Goudé, Mapodi, Mapuda, Mocigin, Motchekin, Mubi, Mudaye, Shede, Tchade Autonym: Guɗe Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, Biu-Mandara, A, A.8

Gudu gdu

Adamawa state: Song LGA. Users: 5,000 (1993). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Gudo, Gutu Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, Biu-Mandara, A, A.8

Guduf-Gava gdf

Borno state: Gwoza LGA, mainly Cikide, Gava, and Guduf. Users: 55,900 (2000). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Afkabiye, Gudupe Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, Biu-Mandara, A, A.4, Mandara Proper, Glavda

Gun guw

Lagos state; Ogun state: Ado-Odo-Ota, Badagry, and Idiroko LGAs. Users: 459,000 in Nigeria (2020). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Egun, Gugbe, Gun-Alada, Gun-Gbe, Seto-Gbe Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Kwa, Left Bank, Gbe, Aja

Gupa-Abawa gpa

Abuja Capital Territory: Abaji LGA; Kogi state: Kogi LGA; Niger state: Lapai LGA, Edzu and Gupa areas. Users: 15,000 (1989 R. Blench). 10,000 or more Gupa, 5,000 Abawa. Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Nupoid, Nupe-Gbagyi, Nupe

Gurmana gvm

Niger state: Shiroro LGA, Gurmana town area. Users: 3,000 (1989). Status: 8a (Moribund). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Kainji, Western, Baushi-Gurmana

Guruntum-Mbaaru grd

Bauchi state: Alkaleri and Bauchi LGAs. Users: 15,000 (1993). Status: 8a (Moribund). Alternate Names: Gurdun, Gurdung, Guruntum Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, West, B, B.3, Guruntum

Gvoko ngs

Adamawa state: Michika LGA; Borno state: Gwoza LGA. Users: 20,000 in Nigeria (1990). Total users in all countries: 21,000. Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Gavoko, Ghboko, Gәvoko, Kuvoko, Nggweshe, Ngoshe Sama, Ngoshi, Ngossi, Ngweshe-Ndaghang, Ngweshe-Ndhang Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, Biu-Mandara, A, A.4, Mandara Proper, Glavda

Gwa gwb

Bauchi state: Toro LGA. Users: 980 (2000). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Jarawan, Nigerian

Gwak jgk

Bauchi state: Dass and Tafawa-Balewa LGAs, Bar, Buyital, Dulem, Garam, Gital, Kardam, Kumgas, and Michiyan Kuka. Users: 70,000 (2011 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Bankalawa, Gingwak, Jar, Jaracin Kasa, Jaranchi, Jaranci, Jarancin Kasa, Jarawa, Jarawan Bununu, Jarawan Kasa, Lasjar Autonym: Gwak Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Jarawan, Nigerian

Gwamhi-Wuri bga

Kebbi state: Wasugu-Danko LGA; Zamfara state: Gummi LGA. Users: 16,000 (2000). Status: 8b (Nearly extinct). Alternate Names: Banganci, Bangawa, Lyase, Lyase-Ne Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Kainji, Western, Duka

Gwandara gwn

Abuja Capital Territory: Bwali and Kwai LGAs; Kaduna state: Kaura LGA; Nassarawa state: Akwanga, Keffi, Lafia, and Nasarawa LGAs; Niger state: Gurara and Suleija LGAs; Plateau state: Riyom LGA. Users: 27,300 (2000). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Kwandara Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, West, A, A.1

Gyaazi gyz

Bauchi state: Toro LGA. Users: 5,000 (2019 SIL). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Bagba, Gaejawa, Gejawa, Geji, Gezawa Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, West, B, B.3, Zaar Proper

Gyem gye

Bauchi state: Toro LGA. Users: 2,000 (Blench 2019). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Agyem, Gema, Gemawa, Gyam, Gyemawa Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Kainji, Eastern, Northern Jos, Jera

Gyong kdm

Kaduna state: Jema’a LGA. Users: 25,400 (2000). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Agoma, Gong, Gwong, Kagoma, Kwong Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Plateau, Western, Northwestern, Hyamic

Hasha ybj

Nassarawa state: Akwanga and Wamba LGAs, Bwora, Hashasu, and Kusu villages; Kaduna state: Sanga LGA; Plateau state: Bokkos LGA. Users: 3,000 (Blench 1999a). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Iyashi, Yashi Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Plateau, Western, Southwestern, B

Hausa hau

Widespread. Users: 55,800,000 in Nigeria, all users. L1 users: 37,900,000 in Nigeria (2020). L2 users: 17,900,000 (2018). Total users in all countries: 77,063,700 (as L1: 50,770,700; as L2: 26,293,000). Status: 2 (Provincial). De facto provincial language in northern region. Spoken as L2 in the north. Alternate Names: Abakwariga, Habe, Haoussa, Hausawa, Kado, Mgbakpa Autonym: Hausa Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, West, A, A.1

Hausa Sign Language hsl

Scattered in northern Nigeria, especially Kano state. Users: 20,000 (2021 DBS/DOOR/SIL). Estimated 12,000–24,000, assuming 0.3%–0.6% of total Hausa population. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: HSL, Harshen bebaye na kasar Hausa, Maganar Bebaye, Maganar Hannu Classification: Sign language, Deaf community sign language

Hide xed

Adamawa state: Michika LGA, on Cameroon border, 1 village area; Borno state: Gwoza LGA. Users: 4,000 in Nigeria (2001 SIL). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Ftour, Gra, Hdi, Hedi, Tourou, Tur, Turu, Turu-Hide, Xedi, Xide, Xәdi Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, Biu-Mandara, A, A.4, Lamang

Hohumono bcs

Cross River state: Obubra LGA. Users: 30,000 (1989). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Bahumono, Bhahumono, Ediba, Ekumuru, Humono, Kohumono, Ohumono Autonym: Hohumono Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Cross River, Delta Cross, Upper Cross, Central, North-South, Ubaghara-Kohumono, Kohumono

Holma hod

Adamawa state: north of Sorau on Cameroon border. Users: No known L1 speakers. Last known speaker survived into the early 1990s (1987 R. Blench). Status: 10 (Extinct). Alternate Names: Bali Holma, Da Holmaci Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, Biu-Mandara, A, A.8

Hõne juh

Gombe state: Akko, Billiri, and Shomgom LGAs. Futuk, Kaltanga, Kashere, Pindiga, and Tumu (Pindiga dialect); Andamin, Digare, Dizi, Gobirawa, Gwana, Jukon, Kasan Dare, Katagum, Konan Kuka, and Kwaya villages (Gwana dialect); Taraba state: Karim-Lamido LGA. Users: 7,000 (Storch 1999). Ethnic population: Much more than 7,000 (Storch 1999). Status: 7 (Shifting). Alternate Names: Kona Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Jukunoid, Central, Jukun-Mbembe-Wurbo, Jukun

Horom hoe

Plateau state: Bokkos LGA. Users: 1,500 (1998 R. Blench). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Barom, “Kaleri” (pej.) Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Plateau, Southeastern

Hwana hwo

Adamawa state: Girei, Shelleng, and Song LGAs, some in Gombi LGA; Borno state: Hawul LGA. Users: 32,000 (1992). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Fiterya, Hona, Hwona Autonym: Tuftera Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, Biu-Mandara, A, A.1, Eastern

Hya hya

Adamawa state: Michika and Mubi North LGAs; Boppa, Gameta, Ligwe, Mukta, Shike, Tukwri, and Vi villages. Users: 2,000 in Nigeria (2008 SIL). Status: 8a (Moribund). Alternate Names: Ghye, Hwate, Mukta, Munta, Za Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, Biu-Mandara, A, A.3

Hyam jab

Kaduna state: Jema’a and Kachia LGAs. Users: 300,000 (2014 NBTT). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Ham, Hum, Hyamhum, Jabba, Jeba Autonym: Jaba Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Plateau, Western, Northwestern, Hyamic

Ibaas cen

Plateau state: Barakin Ladi LGA, southeast of Jos. Zaron village is center. Users: Ethnic population: 50,000 (2006 J. Leclerc). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Aficen, Biken, Cen, Chen, Forom, Icen, Icen FiForon, Icen Ibaas, Ichen, Itchen Autonym: Ibaas Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Plateau, Central, South-Central

Ibani iby

Rivers state: Bonny and Opobo/Nkoro LGAs. Users: 60,000 (1989 UBS). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Bonny, Obani, Okoloba, Okuloma, Ubani Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Ijoid, Ijo, Eastern, Northeastern, Eastern

Ibibio ibb

Abia state: Arochukwa and Ukwa East LGAs; Akwa Ibom state: Etinan, Ikono, Ikot Abasi, Itu, Nsit Ikpe, Mkpat Enin, Nsit-Ubium, Onna, Uruan, and Uyo LGAs; Rivers state: Opobo-Nkoro and Oyigbo LGAs; possibly Cross River state. Users: 10,700,000 in Nigeria, all users. L1 users: 6,200,000 in Nigeria (2020). L2 users: 4,500,000 (2013 SIL). Total users in all countries: 10,759,000 (as L1: 6,259,000; as L2: 4,500,000). Status: 3 (Wider communication). De facto language of provincial identity in Akwa Ibom, Abia, and Rivers states; possibly in Cross River state, used in education, various media. Ibibio is the LWC of Akwa Ibom state. Alternate Names: Ibibyo Autonym: Ibibio Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Cross River, Delta Cross, Lower Cross, Obolo, Efik

Ibino ibn

Akwa Ibom state: Ibeno LGA. Users: 10,000 (Faraclas 1989). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Ibeno, Ibuno Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Cross River, Delta Cross, Lower Cross, Obolo, Ibino

Ibuoro ibr

Abia state: Arochukwa LGA; Akwa Ibom state: Ibiono Ibom LGA. Users: 5,000 (1988). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Cross River, Delta Cross, Lower Cross, Obolo, Ibuoro

Iceve-Maci bec

Cross River state: Obanliku LGA, 5 villages on Cameroon border including Amana. Users: 5,000 in Nigeria (1990). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Iceve, Utse, Utser, Utseu Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Tivoid

Idere ide

Akwa Ibom state: Itu LGA; Cross River state: Odukpani LGA. Users: 5,000 (1988). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Cross River, Delta Cross, Lower Cross, Obolo

Idesa ids

Edo state: Owan East LGA, Otuo. Users: 5,690 (2000). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Edoid, Northwestern, Southern

Idoma idu

Benue state: Ogbadibo and Okpokwu LGAs; Enugu state: Igbo-Eze North, Isi-Uze, and Udenu LGAs; Kogi state: Ankpa and Olamabolo LGAs. Users: 976,000 (2020). Status: 5* (Developing). De facto language of provincial identity in Kogi, Benue, and Enugu states, primary education, radio and TV media. Autonym: Idoma Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Idomoid, Akweya, Etulo-Idoma, Idoma

Igala igl

Anambra state: Anambra West LGA; Edo state: Esan Southeast LGA; Enugu state: Uzo-Uwani LGA; Kogi state: Bassa, Dekina, Ibaji, Idah, Igalamela-Odolu, and Ofu LGAs. Users: 1,620,000 (2020). Status: 4 (Educational). Alternate Names: Igara Autonym: Igala Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Defoid, Yoruboid, Igala

Igbo ibo

Widespread, southeast. Users: 30,700,000 in Nigeria (2020). Total users in all countries: 30,775,190. Status: 2 (Provincial). De facto provincial language in southeastern region. Main LWC of Abia, Anambra, Ebonyi, Enugu, and Imo states. Alternate Names: Ebo, Ibo, Unege Autonym: Igbo Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Igboid, Igbo

Igede ige

Benue state: Oju, Okpokwu, and Otukpo LGAs; Cross River state: Ogoja LGA; Ebonyi state: Izzi LGA. Users: 461,000 (2020). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Egedde, Egede, Igedde Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Idomoid, Akweya, Etulo-Idoma, Idoma

Iguta nar

Bauchi state: Toro LGA; Plateau state: Bassa, Jos-North, Jos-South, and Jos-East LGAs. Users: 6,120 (1990). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Anaguta, Guta, Naraguta Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Kainji, Eastern, Northern Jos, Jera

Igwe igw

Edo state: Akoko-Edo LGA. Users: 47,800 (2000). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Edoid, North-Central, Ghotuo-Uneme-Yekhee

Ihievbe ihi

Edo state: Owan East LGA, Ebetse, Ihievbe Ogbe, and Iyakhora villages. Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Edoid, North-Central

Ijo, Southeast ijs

Bayelsa state: Brass, Nembe, Ogbia, and South Ijaw LGAs; Rivers state: Akuku Toru LGA. Users: 71,500 (Voegelin and Voegelin 1977). 66,600 Nembe, 4,900 Akassa. Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Brass Ijo, Brass-Nembe, Ijaw, Nembe-Akassa Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Ijoid, Ijo, East

Ika ikk

Delta state: Ika North East and Ika South LGAs; Edo state: Igueben and Orhionmwon LGAs. Users: 22,800 (2000). Status: 5* (Developing). Autonym: Ika Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Igboid, Igbo

Iko iki

Akwa Ibom state: Obolo LGA, Atabrikang, Iko, and Ikonta villages. Users: 5,000 (1988). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Cross River, Delta Cross, Lower Cross, Obolo, Iko

Ikpeshi ikp

Edo state: Akoko-Edo LGA. Users: 5,320 (2000). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Ekpeshe, Ikpeshe Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Edoid, North-Central, Ghotuo-Uneme-Yekhee

Iku-Gora-Ankwa ikv

Kaduna state: Kachia LGA. Users: Ethnic population: 13,000 (2006 J. Leclerc). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Ekhwa, Iku Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Plateau, Northern

Ikulu ikl

Kaduna state: Kachia, Kauru, and Zangon Kataf LGAs. Users: 50,000 (1998). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Ankulu, Bekulu, Ikolu, Kulu Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Plateau, Northern

Ikwere ikw

Imo state: Ohaji-Egbema LGA; Rivers state: Emuoha, Ikwerre, Obio-Akpor, and Port Harcourt LGAs. Users: 651,000 (2020), increasing. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Ikwerri, Ìwhnuruòhnà Autonym: Ikwerre Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Igboid, Igbo

Ikwo iqw

Cross River state: Abi and Obubura LGAs; Ebonyi state: Ikwo LGA. Users: 260,000 (2012 SIL). Status: 5* (Developing). Autonym: Ikwo Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Igboid, Igbo

Ilue ilv

Akwa Ibom state: Oron LGA; possibly Cross River state. Users: 5,000 (1988), decreasing. Status: 7 (Shifting). Alternate Names: Idua Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Cross River, Delta Cross, Lower Cross, Obolo, Ilue

Isekiri its

Delta state: Ethiope West, Warri North, and Warri South LGAs; Edo state: Ikpoba-Okha, Oredo, and Ovia Southwest LGAs. Users: 940,000 (2020). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Chekiri, Dsekiri, Irhobo, Iselema-Otu, Ishekiri, Itsekiri, Iwere, Izekíri, Jekri, Selemo, Shekiri, Tshekeri, Warri Autonym: Iṣekiri Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Defoid, Yoruboid, Edekiri

Isoko iso

Bayelsa state: Sagbama LGA; Delta state: Ethiope East, Isoko North, and Isoko South, Ndokwa West, Ughelli North, Ughelli South, and Ukwuani LGAs; Edo state: Orhionmwon LGA. Users: 681,000 (2020). Status: 5* (Developing). Autonym: Isoko Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Edoid, Southwestern

Iten etx

Kaduna state: Kaura LGA; Plateau state: Riyom LGA. Users: 40,000 (Blench 2003). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Aten, Eten, Etien, Ganawuri, Niten, Ten, ìtên, “Jal” (pej.) Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Plateau, Beromic

Ito itw

Akwa Ibom state: Uruon LGA; Cross River state. Users: 5,000 (1988). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Cross River, Delta Cross, Lower Cross, Obolo, Ibuoro

Itu Mbon Uzo itm

Abia state: Ini LGA; Akwa Ibom state: Arochukwa LGA. Users: 5,000 (1988). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Itu Mbon Uso, Itu Mbuzo Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Cross River, Delta Cross, Lower Cross, Obolo, Ibuoro

Ivbie North-Okpela-Arhe atg

Edo state: Akoko-Edo and Etsako LGAs, Ate, Okpekpe, and Okpella villages. Users: 20,000 (1973 SIL). Status: 5* (Developing). Autonym: Okphela Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Edoid, North-Central, Ghotuo-Uneme-Yekhee

Iyayu iya

Ekiti state: Aiyekire LGA. Users: 24,700 (2000). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Idoani Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Edoid, Northwestern, Osse

Iyive uiv

Ekiti state: Aiyekire LGA. Users: 1,000 in Nigeria (Crozier and Blench 1992). Status: 8a (Moribund). Alternate Names: Ndir, Uive, Yiive Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Tivoid

Izere izr

Bauchi State: Tafawa-Balewa and Toro LGAs; Plateau State: Jos East, Jos North, and Mangu LGAs. Users: 50,000 (1993 SIL). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Afizare, Afizarek, Afizere, Afudelek, Afusare, Feserek, Fezere, Fizere, Hill Jarawa, Izarek, Izer, Jarawa, Jarawan Dutse, Jari, Jos-Zarazon, Zarek Autonym: Izere Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Plateau, Central, South-Central

Izii izz

Benue state: Ado LGA; Cross River state: Yala LGA; Ebonyi state: Abakaliki, Ebonyi, and Izzi LGAs. Users: 540,000 (2012 SIL). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Ezzi, Izhi, Izi, Izzi Autonym: Izii Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Igboid, Igbo

Izon ijc

Bayelsa state: Ekeremor, Sagbama, South Ijaw, and Yenagoa LGAs; Delta state: Burutu, Warri North, and Warri South West LGAs; Edo state: Ovia North East and Ovia South West LGAs; Ondo state: Ese-Odo and Ilaje LGAs. Users: 2,440,000 (2020). 100,000 Kolokuma (1991 UBS). Status: 4 (Educational). De facto language of provincial identity in Baylesa, Delta, Ondo, and Edo states, used in education and media. Alternate Names: Central-Western Ijo, Ezon, Ijaw, Ijo, Ijon, Izo, Uzo Autonym: Ịzọn Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Ijoid, Ijo, West Ijo

Izora cbo

Plateau state: Bassa LGA. Users: 19 (2016 R. Blench). Ethnic population: 3,000 (Blench 2019). Status: 8b (Nearly extinct). Alternate Names: Azora, Chokobo, Cikobu, Cokobanci, Cokobawa, Cokobo, Ndazora, Zora Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Kainji, Eastern, Northern Jos, Jera

Jakattoe jrt

Plateau state: Shendam LGA, Dokan Tofa district, Dokan Tofa village. Users: 500 (2019 R. Blench). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Chakato, Jakato, Jorto Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, West, A, A.3, Angas Proper

Janji jni

Kaduna state: Lere LGA; Plateau state: Bassa LGA. Users: 1,150 (2000). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Ajanji, Anafejanzi, Jenji, Tijanji Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Kainji, Eastern, Northern Jos, Jera

Jara jaf

Borno state: Biu and Kwaya-Kusar LGAs; Gombe state: Akko and Yamaltu-Deba LGAs. Users: 46,300 (2000). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Jera Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, Biu-Mandara, A, A.1, Western

Jere jer

Bauchi state: Toro LGA; Kaduna state: Saminaka LGA; Plateau state: Bassa LGA. Users: 64,000 (1995 CAPRO). 15,000 Buji, 15,000 Gusu, 30,000 Jere, 4,000 Ribina. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Jeere, Jera Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Kainji, Eastern, Northern Jos, Jera

Jiba juo

Adamawa state: Lamurde LGA; Taraba state: Karim Lamido LGA; villages northwest of Kalingo. Users: 2,000 (Voegelin and Voegelin 1977). Status: 8a (Moribund). Alternate Names: Bajibaro, Jibə, Jibe, Jibi, Jukun Kona, Kona Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Jukunoid, Central, Jukun-Mbembe-Wurbo, Kororofa

Jibu jib

Adamawa state: Toungo LGA; Taraba state: Bali and Gashaka LGAs. Users: 30,000 (1997 SIL). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Jibanci, Jibawa Autonym: Jibu Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Jukunoid, Central, Jukun-Mbembe-Wurbo, Jukun

Jilbe jie

Borno state: Jilbe town, Cameroon border area. Users: 100 (1999 H. Tourneux). Status: 8b (Nearly extinct). Alternate Names: Yilbe, Zoulbou Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, Biu-Mandara, B, B.1

Jimi jmi

Bauchi state: Ganjuwa LGA, Jimi village. Users: 1,000 (1995 CAPRO). Status: 7 (Shifting). Alternate Names: Bi-Gimu Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, West, B, B.3, Eastern

Jiru jrr

Taraba state: Karim Lamido LGA. Users: 3,420 (2000). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Atak, Bakula, Kir, Wiyap, Zhiru Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Jukunoid, Central, Jukun-Mbembe-Wurbo, Wurbo

Jju kaj

Kaduna state: Jema’a and Kachia LGAs. Users: 610,000 (2020). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Bajju, Baju, Kache, Kaje, Kajji Autonym: Jju, Kәjju Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Plateau, Central, South-Central

Ju juu

Bauchi state: Bauchi LGA, Ju village. Users: 900 (1993). Status: 6b (Threatened). Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, West, B, B.3, Guruntum

Jukun Takum jbu

Benue state: Katsina-Ala LGA; Taraba state: Bali and Takum LGAs. Users: 40,000 in Nigeria (1979 UBS), L2 users. Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Diyi, Jukun, Njikum, Takum-Donga Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Jukunoid, Central, Jukun-Mbembe-Wurbo, Jukun

Kaan ldl

Adamawa state: Numand, Shellen, and Song LGAs. Users: 10,000 (1992). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Kan, Libbo, Libo Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Adamawa, Waja-Jen, Yungur, Libo

Kadung dkg

Bauchi state: Tafawa Balewa LGA; Plateau state: Mangu and Pankshin LGAs. Users: 18,000 (2020 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Kwàŋ, Kadun, Kwang, Kwanga, Kwangka, Kwanka, Kwanka-Boi-Bijim Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Plateau, Western, Southwestern, A

Kaivi kce

Kaduna state: Lere LGA. Users: 2,320 (2000). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Kaibi Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Kainji, Eastern, Northern Jos, Kauru

Kakanda kka

Kogi state: Kogi LGA; Niger state: Agaie and Lapai LGAs; Niger river centered on Budã. Users: 20,000 (1989 R. Blench). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Adyaktye, Akanda, Hyabe Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Nupoid, Nupe-Gbagyi, Nupe

Kalabari ijn

Rivers state: Akulga, Asaritoru, Degema, and Port Harcourt LGAs. Users: 507,000 (2020). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Ịjọ Autonym: Kalaḇari Bibi Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Ijoid, Ijo, Eastern, Northeastern, Eastern

Kam kdx

Taraba state: Bali LGA, Mayo Kam and Kamijim villages. Users: 5,000 (1993). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Nyingwom, Nyiwom, Yimwom Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Adamawa, Kam

Kamantan kci

Kaduna state: Kachia LGA. Users: 10,000 (Barrett 1982). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Angan, Kamanton Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Plateau, Western, Southwestern, A

Kami kmi

Abuja Capital Territory: Kwali LGA; Niger state: Lapai LGA, Ebo town, and 11 villages. Users: 5,000 (Crozier and Blench 1992). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Nupoid, Nupe-Gbagyi, Nupe

Kamo kcq

Gombe state: Akko, Billiri, and Kaltungo LGAs. Users: 20,000 (1995 CAPRO). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Kamu, Ma, Nyima Autonym: Nubama Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Adamawa, Waja-Jen, Waja, Awak

Kamuku cdr

Kaduna state: Birnin Gwari LGA; Niger state: Chanchaga, Mariga, and Rafi LGAs. Users: 45,000 (2010 Z. Yoder et al.). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: ’Yara, Cinda-Regi-Tiyal, Tiyal, Tiyar, Tu’yara, Tucipu Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Kainji, Western, Kamuku

Kamwe hig

Adamawa state: Michika LGA, Mandara mountains. Users: 607,000 (2020). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Hiji, “Higgi” (pej.), “Higi” (pej.) Autonym: Kamwə, Vәcәmwe Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, Biu-Mandara, A, A.3

Kanufi kni

Kaduna state: Jema’a LGA, Apod and Akpurkpod villages. Users: 10,400 (2000). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Anib, Aninib, Karshi Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Plateau, Western, Southwestern, A

Kanuri kau

Users: Population total all languages: 8,845,500. Status:

Kanuri, Manga kby

Bauchi, Jigawa, and Yobe states. Users: 200,000 in Nigeria (1993). Status: 3 (Wider communication). Alternate Names: Kanouri, Kanoury, Kànòrí, Manga Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Saharan, Western, Kanuri

Kanuri, Yerwa knc

Borno state: Bama, Gwoza, Kaga, Konduga, Kukawa, Maiduguri, Monguno, and Ngala LGAs; Gombe state: 1 enclave in each of Akko, Kwami, and Yamaltu-Deba LGAs; Yobe state: Damaturu, Fika, Fune, Geidam, Gujba, and Nguru LGAs. Users: 8,150,000 in Nigeria, all users. L1 users: 7,650,000 in Nigeria (2020). L2 users: 500,000. Total users in all countries: 8,825,500 (as L1: 8,325,500; as L2: 500,000). Status: 3 (Wider communication). De facto language of provincial identity in Borno, Yobe, and Gombe states, used in education; widespread use generally. Alternate Names: Borno, Bornu, Central Kanuri, Kanouri, Kanoury, “Beriberi” (pej.) Autonym: Kanuri, Yerwa Kanuri Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Saharan, Western, Kanuri

Kapya klo

Taraba state: Takum LGA, Kapya. Users: 200 (2004). Status: 6b (Threatened). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Jukunoid, Yukuben-Kuteb

Karekare kai

Bauchi state: Gamawa and Misau LGAs; Gombe state: Dukku LGA small area; Yobe state: Fika and Nangere LGAs. Users: 385,000 (2020). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Karai Karai, Karai-karai, Karaikarai, Kerekere, Kerikeri, Kәrekәre Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, West, A, A.2, Bole, Karekare

Karimjo cfg

Plateau state: Wase LGA; Taraba state: Jalingo and Karim Lamido LGAs, near Lau. Users: 11,400 (2000). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Asom, Bakula, Chomo, Como Karim, Khiyu, Kinzimba, Kirim, Kiyu, Nuadhu, Shomo Karim, Shomoh, Shomong Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Jukunoid, Central, Jukun-Mbembe-Wurbo, Wurbo

Kariya kil

Bauchi state: Ganjuwa LGA, Kariya village near Miya town. Users: 2,000 (1995 CAPRO). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Kariyu, Kauyawa, Keriya, Lipkawa, Vinahә, Wihә Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, West, B, B.2

Khana ogo

Akwa Ibom state: Oruk Anam LGA, Wiisoe village; Rivers state: Khana LGA. Users: 434,000 (2020). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Kana, Ogoni Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Cross River, Delta Cross, Ogoni, East

Kholok ktc

Taraba state: Karim Lamido LGA, near Didango. Users: 2,500 (Voegelin and Voegelin 1977). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Kode, Koode, Kwoode, Pia, Pitiko, Widala, Wurkum Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, West, A, A.2, Bole, Bole Proper

Kibaku ckl

Borno state: Askira-Uba, Chibok, and Damboa LGAs. Users: 200,000 (2014 NBTT). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Chibak, Chibbak, Chibbuk, Chibok, Chibuk, Cibak, Cibuk, Cíbɔ̀k, Kibbaku, Kikuk, Kyibaku Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, Biu-Mandara, A, A.2, 1

Kinuku kkd

Kaduna state: Saminaka LGA, 7 villages. Users: 3,000 (2016 R. Blench). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Anu, Kinugu, Kinuka, Nu, Tinu Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Kainji, Eastern, Northern Jos, Kauru

Kiong kkm

Cross River state: Akampka and Odukpani LGAs, Akpap village, Akamkpa area northeast of Akpap. Users: 100 (2004). Ethnic population: 570. Status: 8a (Moribund). Alternate Names: Akayon, Akoiyang, Iyoniyong, Okonyong, Okoyong, Äkäyöñ, Ökönyöñ Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Cross River, Delta Cross, Upper Cross, Kiong-Korop

Kir-Balar kkr

Bauchi state: Bauchi LGA, Kir Bajang’leand Kir Bengbet villages. Users: 3,050 (1993). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Kir, Kirr Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, West, B, B.3, Boghom

Kirike okr

Rivers state: Ogu-Bolo, Okrika, and Port Harcourt LGAs. Users: 463,000 (2020). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Okrika Autonym: Kịrịkẹ Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Ijoid, Ijo, Eastern, Northeastern, Eastern

Kirya-Konzel fkk

Adamawa state: Mubi LGA. Users: 5,800 (2011 SIL). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Karya, Kirya, Konzal Autonym: myá Kákíryà, myá Kónzə̀l Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, Biu-Mandara, A, A.3

Koenoem kcs

Plateau state: Shendam LGA. More than 12 loosely collected villages; Lafidi is main village. Users: 3,000 (2016 R. Blench). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Kanam, Kanem, Korenoem Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, West, A, A.3, Angas Proper, 2

Kofa kso

Adamawa state: Song LGA, north of Belul road, north of Yola. Users: 1,100 (2003). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Kota Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, Biu-Mandara, A, A.2, 1

Kofyar kwl

Nassarawa state: Lafia LGA; Plateau state: Mangu and Qua’an Pan LGAs. Users: 110,000 (2000). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Koffiar Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, West, A, A.3, Angas Proper, 1

Koma kmy

Adamawa state: Fufore and Ganye LGAs, Alantika and Koma Vomni mountains. Users: 32,000 in Nigeria (1989). Total users in all countries: 35,000. Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Kuma Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Adamawa, Leko-Nimbari, Duru, Voko-Dowayo, Vere-Dowayo, Vere-Gimme, Vere

Kono klk

Kaduna state: Saminaka LGA, Kona village. Users: 5,520 (2000). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Konu, Kowono, Kwono Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Kainji, Eastern, Northern Jos, Kauru

Koro Nulu vkn

Niger state: Tafa LGA, Dogon Kurmi, Ija Koro, Kabwei, and Shere. Users: 4,000 (2020 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Ija Koro, Koro Afiki, Koro Ija Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Plateau, Southern

Koro Wachi bqv

Kaduna state: Kachia and Kagarko LGAs; Nassarawa state: Keffi LGA. Users: 106,000 (2006 SIL). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Agere, Begbere-Ejar, Koro Agwe, Koro Makama Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Plateau, Western, Northwestern, Koro

Koro Zuba vkz

Abuja Capital Territory: Abuja area council, Idu; Gwagwalada area council, Abuchi, Anagada, Dutsen Alhaji, Gapa, and Tungan Maje; Niger state: Gurara LGA, Dumwa, Iwa, Lahu, Laka, Numbwa, Tuchi, and Waga; Suleja LGA, Gwazunu and Zumwa; Tafa LGA, Chachi. Users: 11,000 (2020 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Koro Ganagana, Zuba Koro Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Plateau, Southern

Korop krp

Cross River state: Akampka and Odukpani LGAs. Users: 10,200 in Nigeria (Dimmendaal and Voeltz 2007). Total users in all countries: 17,640. Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Durop, Kurop, Ododop Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Cross River, Delta Cross, Upper Cross, Kiong-Korop

Kpan kpk

Taraba state: Sardauna, Takum, and Wukari LGAs, Gayan, Gindin Dutse, Kato Bagha, Likam, Suntai, and Wukari. Users: 11,400 (2000). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Abakan, Hwaso, Hwaye, Ibukwo, Ikpan, Kpanten, Kpwate, Nyatso, Nyonyo, Yorda Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Jukunoid, Central, Kpan-Icen

Kpasham pbn

Adamawa state: Numan LGA, Kpasham town, on Numan-Jalingo road. Users: 3,000. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: ’Balo, Kpasam, Maya, Nyisam, Passam Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Adamawa, Leko-Nimbari, Mumuye-Yandang, Yandang

Kpati koc

Taraba state: Takum and Wukari LGAs. Users: No known L1 speakers. Extinct by 1980s. Status: 10 (Extinct). Alternate Names: Bati, Dong, Kam Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Wide Grassfields, Narrow Grassfields, Mbam-Nkam, Ngemba

Kubi kof

Bauchi state: Ganjuwa LGA. Users: No known L1 speakers. The last speaker either died or shifted to Hausa [hau] by 1940 (Ogbonna 2016). Ethnic population: 1,500 (1995 CAPRO). Status: 9 (Dormant). Alternate Names: Be, Denawa, Deno, Denwa, Kuba, Kubawa Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, West, A, A.2, Bole, Bole Proper

Kuce ruk

Kaduna state: Kajuru LGA; Plateau state: Bassa LGA. Users: 100,000 (Blench 2003). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Bace, Bache, Ce, Che, Inchazi, Rukuba, Sale Autonym: Kuche Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Plateau, Western, Southwestern, A

Kudu-Camo kov

Bauchi state: Ningi LGA. Users: 42 (1990 M. Bross). Ethnic population: 2,000 (Dimmendaal and Voeltz 2007). Status: 8b (Nearly extinct). Alternate Names: Kuda-Chamo, Kudawa Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Kainji, Eastern, Northern Jos, Jera

Kugama kow

Adamawa state: Fufore LGA. Users: 5,000 (1995). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Kugamma, Wegam, Yamale, Yamalo Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Adamawa, Leko-Nimbari, Mumuye-Yandang, Yandang

Kugbo kes

Rivers state: Abua-Odual LGA; Bayelsa, north Brass LGA. Users: 2,000 (1973 SIL). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Cross River, Delta Cross, Central Delta, Kugbo

Kukele kez

Benue state: Oju and Okpokwu LGAs; Cross River state: Ogoja LGA; Ebonyi state: Abakaliki LGA. Users: 180,000 (2011 U. Francis), increasing. 45,000 monolinguals. Ethnic population: 180,000. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Bakele, Ukele, Ukelle Autonym: Kukele Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Cross River, Delta Cross, Upper Cross, Central, North-South, Koring-Kukele, Kukele

Kulere kul

Plateau state: Bokkos LGA. Users: 15,600 (1990). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Akande, Akandi, Kande, Korom Boye, Tof Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, West, A, A.4, Ron Proper

Kulung bbu

Taraba state: Karim Lamido LGA, Balasa, Bambur, and Kirim; Wukari LGA, Gada Mayo. Users: 40,000 (2012 M. Rueck, Z. Yoder, and K. Hannelová). Elderly are monolingual. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Bakuli, Bakulu, Bakulung, Bambur, Kukulung, Kulu, Kuluno, Wo, Wurkum Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Jarawan, Nigerian

Kumba ksm

Adamawa state: Fufore and Mayo Belwa LGAs. Users: 3,420 (2000). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Isaro, Sate, Yofo Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Adamawa, Leko-Nimbari, Mumuye-Yandang, Mumuye

Kupa kug

Kogi state: Lokoja LGA, Abugi area, 52 villages; Niger state: Katcha LGA. Users: 20,000 (1998 R. Blench). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Nupoid, Nupe-Gbagyi, Nupe

Kurama krh

Kaduna state: Ikara and Saminaka LGAs; Kano state: Tudun Waya LGA. Users: 40,300 (2000). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Akurmi, Akurumi, Azumu, Bagwama, Tikurami Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Kainji, Eastern, Northern Jos, Kauru

Kushi kuh

Gombe state: Shomgom LGA, about 20 villages. Users: 11,000 (1995 CAPRO). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Chong’e, Goji, Kushe, Memme Goji Autonym: Fo Goji Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, West, A, A.2, Tangale, Tangale Proper

Kusur-Myet tdl

Bauchi state: Tafawa Balewa LGA; Plateau State: Kanke and Pankshin LGAs, about 30 villages. Users: 5,000 (1998 R. Blench). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Ansur, Dishili, Naas-Dishili, Nsur, Sur, Suru, Tapshin, Tapshinawa Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Plateau, Tarokoid

Kutep kub

Taraba state: Takum LGA. Users: 44,600 in Nigeria (2000). Total users in all countries: 47,600. Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Kutev, Mbarike, “Jompre” (pej.), “Zumper” (pej.) Autonym: Kuteb Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Jukunoid, Yukuben-Kuteb

Kutto kpa

Gombe state: Funakaye LGA, 2 villages. Users: 3,000 (1995). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Kupto, Kúttò Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, West, A, A.2, Tangale, Tangale Proper

Kuturmi khj

Kaduna state: Kachia LGA. Users: 10,500 (2000). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Plateau, Northern

Kwa kwb

Adamawa state: Lamurda and Numan LGAs, Gyakan and Kwa towns, near Munga; Taraba state: Karim-Lamido LGA. Users: 7,000 (1992). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Baa, Kwah, nyaa Báà Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Adamawa, Kwa

Kwaami ksq

Bauchi state: Gombe LGA. Users: 10,000 (1990). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Komawa, Kwam, Kwamanchi, Kwami, Kwom Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, West, A, A.2, Tangale, Tangale Proper

Kyak bka

Adamawa state: Lamurda LGA small area; Gombe state: Balanga LGA; Taraba state: Karim Lamido LGA. Users: 10,000 (Blench 2019). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Bambuka, Nyakyak Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Adamawa, Waja-Jen, Jen

Kyanga tye

Kebbi state: Tungan Bage, Tungan Noma, Kasati, Tondi, Sarahu, Samba, and Kangiwa villages. Users: 14,000 in Nigeria (2015 R. Jones). Ethnic population: 200,000. Total users in all countries: 15,000. Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Canga, Changa, Kenga, Kyangawa, Kyanggana, Kyenga, Kã, Tienga, Tyanga, Tyenga Autonym: Kyangganya Classification: Niger-Congo, Mande, Eastern, Eastern, Kyanga

Kyoli cry

Kaduna state: Jaba LGA, 6 villages. Users: 7,500 (2019 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Chori, Cori, Girlor-Kyoli Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Plateau, Western, Northwestern, Hyamic

Labir jku

Bauchi state: Alkaleri and Bauchi LGAs. Users: 500 (2008 E. Hannelova et al.), decreasing. Ethnic population: 13,000. Status: 8a (Moribund). Alternate Names: Jaaku, Jakanci, Jaku, Jakun, Labur Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Jarawan, Nigerian

Laka lak

Adamawa state: Yola LGA; Taraba state: Karim Lamido LGA. Users: 5,000 (1995). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Godogodo, Lakka, Lao Habe, Lau Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Adamawa, Mbum-Day, Mbum, Unclassified

Lala-Roba lla

Adamawa state: Gombi LGA; Borno state. Users: 46,000 (1993). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Gworam, Ɓәna Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Adamawa, Waja-Jen, Yungur, Yungur-Roba

Lamang hia

Adamawa state: Michika LGA; Borno state: Gwoza LGA. Users: 40,000 (1993). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Gbuhwe, Laamang, Waha Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, Biu-Mandara, A, A.4, Lamang

Lame bma

Bauchi state: Toro LGA, Lame district. Users: 10,000 (1995 CAPRO). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Jarawan, Nigerian

Lamja-Dengsa-Tola ldh

Adamawa state: Mayo Belwa LGA, Ganglamja area between Mayo Belwa and Tola. 13 villages. Lamja central town is Ganglamja; Dengsa are south of Lamja. Users: 3,420 (2000). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Northern, Dakoid

Laru lan

Niger state: Borgu LGA, Karabonde, Leshigbe, Luma, Monnai, Sansanni, and Shagunu villages on Niger river banks. Users: 5,000 (1995 R. Jones). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Laranchi, Larawa, Laro, Sengwe, Shen, Shen-Gwe Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Kainji, Western, Kainji Lake

Leelau ldk

Taraba state: Karim Lamido LGA, between Bambuka and Karim-Lamido town, near Lake Mungah. Users: 5,000 (Adelberger 1995). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Bakula, Lelau, Lelo, Munga, Munga Lelau Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Adamawa, Waja-Jen, Jen

Legbo agb

Cross River state: Obubra LGA; Ebonyi state: Afikpo LGA. Users: 60,000 (1989). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Agbo, Gbo, Igbo, Igbo Imaban, Imaban, Itigidi, Leggbo Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Cross River, Delta Cross, Upper Cross, Central, East-West, Mbembe-Legbo, Legbo

Lemoro ldj

Bauchi state: Toro LGA; Kaduna state: Lere LGA. Users: 10,000 (1998 CAPRO). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Anemoro, Anowuru, Emoro, Limorro Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Kainji, Eastern, Northern Jos, Jera

Lenyima ldg

Cross River state: Obubra LGA. Users: Ethnic population: 13,000 (2006 J. Leclerc). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Anyima, Inyima Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Cross River, Delta Cross, Upper Cross, Central, East-West, Mbembe-Legbo, Legbo

Lere gnh

Kaduna state: Lere LGA. Users: No known L1 speakers (2018 R. Blench). Ethnic population: 16,300 (2000). Status: 9 (Dormant). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Kainji, Eastern, Northern Jos, Jera

Leyigha ayi

Cross River state: Obubra LGA. Users: 10,000 (1989). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Asiga, Assiga, Ayiga, Ayigha, Yigha Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Cross River, Delta Cross, Upper Cross, Central, East-West, Mbembe-Legbo, Legbo

Lidzonka add

Taraba state: Sardauna LGA, 1 village on Cameroon border. Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Adere, Adiri, Dzodinka Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Wide Grassfields, Narrow Grassfields, Mbam-Nkam, Nkambe

Limbum lmp

Taraba state: Sardauna LGA, Mambila uplands. Users: Few in Nigeria (Crozier and Blench 1992). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Kambu, Wimbum Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Wide Grassfields, Narrow Grassfields, Mbam-Nkam, Nkambe

Lokaa yaz

Cross River state: Obubra LGA. Users: 232,000 (2020). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Loka, Loke, Loko, Lokǝ, Lokö, Luko, Yaka, Yakurr, Yakö Autonym: Lokạạ Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Cross River, Delta Cross, Upper Cross, Central, East-West, Loko

Longuda lnu

Adamawa state: Guyuk LGA; Gombe state: Balanga LGA. Users: 99,000 (2020 Joshua Project). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Languda, Longura, Nunguda, Nungura, Nunguraba Autonym: Nungurama Nyuar Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Adamawa, Waja-Jen, Longuda

Loo ldo

Gombe state: Kaltungo and Shongom LGAs; Taraba state: Karim Lamido and Lau LGAs, Bambuka to Karim-Lamido road. Users: 8,000 (Crozier and Blench 1992). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Lo, Loh, Shungo, Shunhu Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Adamawa, Waja-Jen, Jen

Lopa lop

Kebbi state: Ngaski LGA, Gafara, Lopa, and Raishe; Niger state: Magama LGA, Cifamini, Kwanga, and Gungun Tagwaye; east Kainji Reservoir. Lopa to Wara (Ollop dialect). Users: 5,000 (1996 R. Blench). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Djiri, Kirikjir, Lopawa, Lupa, Ollaran, Rop Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Kainji, Western, Kainji Lake

Lubila kcc

Cross River state: Akamkpa LGA, Ojo Akangba and Ojo Nkomba. Users: 11,400 (2000). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Kabila, Kabire, Lubilo, Ofor, Ojor Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Cross River, Delta Cross, Upper Cross, Central, East-West, Loko

Lufu ldq

Taraba state: Takum LGA, Lufu, and Lufu Jauro. Users: Ethnic population: 3,200 (2006 J. Leclerc). Status: 8a (Moribund). Classification: Unclassified

Luri ldd

Bauchi state: Bauchi LGA, Kayarda and Luri villages. Users: No known L1 speakers. Last known speakers survived through the first decade of the 2000s (Caron 2004). Status: 10 (Extinct). Alternate Names: Lúr Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, West, B, B.3, Zaar Proper

Maaka mew

Yobe state: Gulani LGA, Bara town area. Users: 10,000 (1993). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Maga, Magha, Maha, Maka Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, West, A, A.2, Bole, Bole Proper

Mada mda

Kaduna state: Jema’a LGA on southern border; Kaura LGA; Nassarawa state: Akwanga and Nasarawa-Eggon LGAs. Users: 100,000 (1993 SIL). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Madda, Yidda Autonym: Mada Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Plateau, Western, Southwestern, A

Mafa maf

Borno state: Gwoza LGA. Users: 4,910 in Nigeria (2000). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Bula, Bulahai, Natakan, “Matakam” (pej.) Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, Biu-Mandara, A, A.5

Mághdì gmd

Taraba state: Karim Lamido LGA. Users: 2,000 (1992). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Lee Mághdì, Tala, Widala Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Adamawa, Waja-Jen, Jen

Mak pbl

Taraba state: Karim Lamido LGA, northeast of Karim Lamido town, Banbuka to Karim-Lamido road. Users: 5,690 (2000). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Leemak, Lemak, Panya, Panyam, Zo Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Adamawa, Waja-Jen, Jen

Mala ruy

Kaduna state: Saminaka LGA. Users: 6,630 (2000). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Amala, Rumaiya, Rumaya, Tumala Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Kainji, Eastern, Northern Jos, Kauru

Mama mma

Nassarawa state: Akwanga LGA. Users: 2,000 (2011). Status: 7 (Shifting). Alternate Names: Kantana, Kwarra Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Jarawan, Nigerian

Mambila, Nigeria mzk

Taraba state: Sardauna LGA, Mambila plateau. Users: 99,000 (1993). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Bang, Lagubi, Mabila, Mambere, Mambilla, Nor, Nor Tagbo, Tongbo, Western Mambila Autonym: Ju Nɔri Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Northern, Mambiloid, Mambila-Konja, Mambila

Mangas zns

Bauchi state: Bauchi LGA, Mangas village. Users: 100 (1995 CAPRO). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Ma’as, Mantsi, Pyik Mantsi Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, West, B, B.3, Boghom

Marghi Central mrt

Adamawa state: Mubi and Michika LGAs; Borno state: Askira-Uba and Damboa LGAs. Users: 237,000 (2020). Madube: 4,000, Mulgwe: 6,000 (2014 SIL). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Central Margi, Marghi Autonym: Margi Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, Biu-Mandara, A, A.2, 2

Marghi South mfm

Adamawa state: Michika and Mubi LGAs; Borno state: Askira-Uba LGA. Users: Ethnic population: 166,000 (2006 J. Leclerc). 135,000 in Marghi Central, Marghi South, and Putai languages (1999). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Margi ti ntәm Autonym: Margi Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, Biu-Mandara, A, A.2, 2

Mashi jms

Taraba state: near Takum. Users: 1,000. Status: 6b* (Threatened). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Beboid

Mawa wma

Bauchi state: Toro LGA, possibly Mara village. Users: No known L1 speakers. Status: Unattested. Classification: Unclassified

Mbat bau

Bauchi state: Bauchi LGA; Gombe state: Alkakeri LGA; Plateau state: Kanam LGA. Users: 40,000 (2006 SIL), increasing. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Bada’, Badanchi, Badawa, Bat, Garaka, Jar, Jarawan Kogi, Kanna, Mbada, Mbadawa, Plains Jarawa, River Jarawa Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Jarawan, Nigerian

Mbe mfo

Cross River state: Ogoja LGA. Users: 65,000 (2011 F. Ekpong). 15,000 monolinguals. Ethnic population: 65,000. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Ketuen, Western Mbube Autonym: Mbe Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Mbe

Mbembe, Cross River mfn

Cross River state: Ikom, Obubra, and Yala LGAs; Ebonyi state: Abakaliki and Izzi LGAs. Users: 236,000 (2020). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Ekokoma, Ifunubwa, Oderiga, Ofunobwam, Okam, Wakande Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Cross River, Delta Cross, Upper Cross, Central, East-West, Mbembe-Legbo, Mbembe

Mbembe, Tigon nza

Taraba state: Sardauna LGA, Kurmi district. Users: 20,000 in Nigeria (1987). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Akonto, Akwanto, Mbémbe, Noale, Tigon, Tigong, Tigum, Tigun, Tukun Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Jukunoid, Central, Jukun-Mbembe-Wurbo, Mbembe

Mboi moi

Adamawa state: Fufore, Gombi, and Song LGAs. Users: 19,000 (1992). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Gena, Mboire, Mboyi Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Adamawa, Waja-Jen, Yungur, Mboi

Mbongno bgu

Taraba state: Sardauna LGA, Kakara town. Users: 3,000 in Nigeria (Blench 1999b). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Bungnu, Bungun, Bunu, Gbunhu, Kakaba, Kamkam Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Northern, Mambiloid, Mambila-Konja, Magu-Kamkam-Kila

Mbula-Bwazza mbu

Adamawa state: Demsa, Girei, Numan, Shelleng, and Song LGAs. Users: 100,000 (2012 M. Rueck, Z. Yoder, and K. Hannelová). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Jarawan, Nigerian

Mburku bbt

Bauchi state: Darazo LGA. Users: 12,000 (2000). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Barke, Barko, Burkunawa, Kariya, Lipkawa, Mburkanci, Vә Mvәran, Wudufu, Wuufu Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, West, B, B.2

Mgbolizhia gmz

Benue state: Ado LGA; Ebonyi state: Ohaukwu LGA. Users: 190,000 (2012 SIL). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Mgbo, Ngbo Autonym: Mgbolizhia Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Igboid, Igbo

Migili mgi

Nassarawa state: Awe and Lafia LGAs, 20 villages. Users: 40,000 (2006 R. Blench). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Jili, Koro Lafia, Koro of Lafia, Ligili, Megili, Mijili Autonym: Lijili Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Plateau, Southern

Mingang Doso mko

Taraba state: Karim Lamido LGA. 1 village area. Users: 3,000 (1995 SIL). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Doso, Munga, Munga Doso, Ngwai Mungàn Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Adamawa, Waja-Jen, Jen

Miship mjs

Plateau state: Mangu, Pankshin, and Shendam LGAs. Users: 6,000 (1976 SIL). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Chip, Cip, Ship Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, West, A, A.3, Angas Proper, 1

Miya mkf

Bauchi state: Ganjuwa LGA, Miya town. Users: 30,000 (1995 CAPRO). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Miyanci, Miyawa, Muya, vә́na mίy Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, West, B, B.2

Montol mtl

Plateau state: Shendam LGA. Users: 21,900 (1990). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Baltap, Montal, Teel, Tehl, Tel Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, West, A, A.3, Angas Proper, 2

Moo gwg

Gombe state: Balanga and Shomgom LGAs, Bambuka to Karim-Lamido road area, near Gomu Mountain. Users: 5,000 (1998). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Gomu, Gwom, Gwomo, Gwomu, Ngwaa Móò, Yáá Mòò Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Adamawa, Waja-Jen, Jen

Mumuye mzm

Adamawa state: Fufore, Ganye, Mayo Belwa, Numan, and Yola LGAs; Taraba state: Bali, Jalingo, Karim Lamido, Yorro, and Zing LGAs. Users: 784,000 (2020). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Yoro Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Adamawa, Leko-Nimbari, Mumuye-Yandang, Mumuye

Mundat mmf

Plateau state: Bokkos LGA, Mundat village near Sha. Users: 1,000 (1998 SIL). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, West, A, A.4, Ron Proper

Mvanip mcj

Taraba state: Sardauna LGA. Users: 100 (Blench 1999b). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Magu, Mvanlip, Mvano, Mvanon, Mvanöp Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Northern, Mambiloid, Mambila-Konja, Magu-Kamkam-Kila

Mwaghavul sur

Plateau state: Barakin-Ladi and Mangu LGAs. Users: 150,000 (2016 R. Blench). Status: 3 (Wider communication). Alternate Names: Mwahavul, Sura Autonym: Mwaghavul Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, West, A, A.3, Angas Proper, 1

Nde-Gbite ned

Taraba state: Sardauna LGA southeast, Antere. Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Biti, Bötö Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Wide Grassfields, Narrow Grassfields, Unclassified

Nde-Nsele-Nta ndd

Cross River state: Ikom LGA. Users: 19,500 (1987). 12,000 Nde, 3,000 Nsele, 4,500 Nta. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Ekoid, Bakor

Ndoe nbb

Cross River state: Ikom LGA. Users: 7,340 (2000). Status: 6b (Threatened). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Ekoid

Ndoola ndr

Taraba state: Bali, Gashaka, and Sardauna LGAs. Users: 60,400 in Nigeria (2000). Total users in all countries: 62,520. Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Ndola, Ndoro, Njoyame, Nundoro Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Northern, Mambiloid, Ndoro

Ndunda nuh

Taraba state: Sardauna LGA, near Mvanip, on Tea Estate road, northwest of Gembu. Users: 350 (Blench 1999b). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Northern, Mambiloid, Mambila-Konja, Magu-Kamkam-Kila

Ngamo nbh

Bauchi state: Darazo LGA; Gombe state: Nafada-Bajoga LGA: Yobe state: Fika LGA. Users: 60,000 (1993). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Gamawa, Gamo, Ngamawa Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, West, A, A.2, Bole, Bole Proper

Ngas anc

Plateau state: Kanam, Langtang, Pankshin, Shendam and Wase LGAs; Taraba state: Ibi LGA. Users: 693,000 (2020). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Angas, Karang, Kerang Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, West, A, A.3, Angas Proper, 1

Nggwahyi ngx

Borno state: Askira-Uba LGA. Users: 2,000 (1995). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Ngwaxi, Ngwohi Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, Biu-Mandara, A, A.2

Ngizim ngi

Yobe state: Damaturu LGA. Users: 80,000 (1993). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Ngezzim, Ngizmawa Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, West, B, B.1, Bade Proper

Ngwaba ngw

Adamawa state: Gombi LGA at Fachi and Guduniya, and Hong LGA. 2 villages. Users: 10,000 (1993 CAPRO). Status: 8a (Moribund). Alternate Names: Goba, Gombi Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, Biu-Mandara, A, A.8

Nigerian Sign Language nsi

Scattered. Users: 800,000 (2021 DBS/DOOR/SIL). Estimated 600,000–1,000,000 deaf signers, based on 0.3%–0.5% of the general population. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: NSL Classification: Sign language, Deaf community sign language

Nikyob-Nindem kdp

Kaduna state: Jema’a LGA. Users: 12,000 (2008). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Kaningdom-Nindem, Kaningdon-Nindem, Kaningkom-Nindem, Kaningkon-Nindem, Kaninkom-Nindem, Kaninkon-Nindem, Ninkyob-Nindem Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Plateau, Western, Southwestern, A

Ninzo nin

Kaduna state: Jema’a LGA; Nassarawa state: Akwanga LGA. Users: 50,000 (Blench 2003). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Akiza, Amar Tita, Ancha, Fadan Wate, Gbhu, Gbhu D Amar Randfa, Hate, Incha, Kwasu, Ninzam, Ninzom, Nunzo Autonym: Ninzo Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Plateau, Western, Southwestern, A

Njerep njr

Taraba state, Somié village. Users: No known L1 speakers (Connell and Zeitlyn 2000). The last fluent speaker, Wajiri Bi, died in 1998. 6 rememberers (Connell and Zeitlyn 2000). Status: 9 (Dormant). Alternate Names: Njerup Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Northern, Mambiloid, Mambila-Konja, Njerup

Nkari nkz

Abia state: Arochukwa LGA; Akwa Ibom state: Ini LGA. Users: 5,000 (1998 B. Connell). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Cross River, Delta Cross, Lower Cross, Obolo, Ibuoro

Nkem-Nkum isi

Cross River state: Ogoja LGA. Users: 51,000 (Yoder et al 2008), increasing. 26,600 Nkem, 24,400 Nkum. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Ekoid, Bakor

Nkoroo nkx

Rivers state: Opobo-Nkoro LGA. Users: 4,550 (1989 UBS). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Nkoro Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Ijoid, Ijo, Eastern, Northeastern

Nkukoli nbo

Cross River state: Akamkpa, Ikom, and Obubra LGAs juncture, Iko Ekperem development area. Users: 10,000 (1973 SIL). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Ekuri, Lokoli, Lokukoli, Nkokolle Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Cross River, Delta Cross, Upper Cross, Central, East-West, Loko

Nnam nbp

Cross River state: Ikom and Ogoja LGAs. Users: 3,000 (1987 O. Asinya). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Ndem Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Ekoid, Bakor

Nshi nsc

Taraba state: Sardauna LGA, Antere, Nkiri. Status: Unattested. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Unclassified

Nteng nqt

Plateau state: Qua’an Pan LGA, Doemak district, Do’op, Gorom, Gyer, Gyergu, Jepmorop, Koelakan, Kwaki, and Lo’on villages. Users: 3,500 (2020 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Jasikit Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, West, A, A.3, Angas Proper, 1

Numana nbr

Kaduna state: Jemaa and Sanga LGAs; Nassarawa state: Akwanga LGA. Users: 50,000 (2008 K. Hannelova et al.). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Arak, Inmwen, Nimana, Numana-Nunku-Gbantu-Numbu Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Plateau, Western, Southwestern, A

Nungu rin

Kaduna state: Jema’a, Kaura, and Sanga LGAs; Nassarawa state: Akwanga, Nasarawa-Eggon, and Wamba LGAs; Plateau state: Riyom and Bokkos LGAs. Users: 50,000 (1999). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Lindiri, Rendre, Rindiri, Rindre, Wamba Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Plateau, Western, Southwestern, A

Nupe-Nupe-Tako nup

Kogi state: Kogi LGA; Kwara state: Edu LGA; Niger state: Agaie, Gbako, Lapai, and Mariga LGAs; possibly Abuja Capital Territory. Users: 2,020,000, all users. L1 users: 1,820,000 (2020). L2 users: 200,000 (Wiesenfeld 1999). Status: 3 (Wider communication). De facto language of provincial identity in Niger, Kwara, and Koji states; possibly in Abuja Capital Territory, widespread. Alternate Names: Nufawa, Nupeci, Nupenchi Autonym: Nupe Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Nupoid, Nupe-Gbagyi, Nupe

Nya Huba hbb

Adamawa state: Gombi, Hong, Maiha, and Mubi LGAs; Borno state: Askira-Uba LGA. Users: 355,000 (2020). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Chobba, Hәba, Kilba Autonym: Huba Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, Biu-Mandara, A, A.2, 2

Nyam nmi

Taraba state: Karim Lamido LGA, Ndallang, Andami village. Users: Ethnic population: 100 (2006 J. Leclerc). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Nyambolo Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, West, A, A.2, Bole, Bole Proper

Nyankpa yes

Kaduna state: Jema’a LGA; Nassarawa state: Karu LGA. Users: 70,000 (2012 SIL), increasing. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Anaŋkpa, Nyenkpa, Yasgua, Yeskwa Autonym: Nnaŋkpa Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Plateau, Western, Northwestern, Koro

Nyong muo

Adamawa state: Mayo Belwa LGA; Taraba state: Zing LGA. 6 villages. Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Chukkol, Daganyonga, Mubako, Mumbake, Nyɔŋ, Nyoking, Nyongnepa, Peti, Teteka, Yapeli Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Adamawa, Leko-Nimbari, Leko

Nzanyi nja

Adamawa state: Maiha LGA. Users: 77,000 in Nigeria (1993). Total users in all countries: 86,000. Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Jeng, Jenge, Kobochi, Kobotshi, Mzangyim, Njai, Njanyi, Njei, Njeing, Njeny, Nzangi, Zani, Zany Autonym: Wur Nzanyi Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, Biu-Mandara, A, A.8

O’chi’chi’ xoc

Rivers state: Etche LGA, Ikwewengwo and Umuebulu. Users: No known L1 speakers. The last speakers survived into the 2000s (2003 R. Blench). Status: 10 (Extinct). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Cross River, Delta Cross, Central Delta

Obanliku bzy

Benue state: Kwande LGA; Cross River state: Obanliku LGA. Users: 65,000 (Faraclas 1989). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Abanglekuo, Abanliku Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Cross River, Bendi

Obolo ann

Akwa Ibom state: Eastern Obolo LGA, islands and peninsulas off south coast; Rivers state: Andoni LGA. Users: 250,000 (2012 U. Aaron), increasing. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Andone, Andoni, Andonni Autonym: Obolo Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Cross River, Delta Cross, Lower Cross, Obolo

Obulom obu

Rivers state: Port Harcourt LGA, Abuloma town. Users: 3,420 (2000). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Abuloma Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Cross River, Delta Cross, Central Delta

Odual odu

Bayelsa state: Ogbia LGA; Rivers state: Abua-Odual LGA. Users: 18,000 (1989). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Onu Oḍual, Saka Autonym: Ọḍual Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Cross River, Delta Cross, Central Delta, Abua-Odual

Odut oda

Cross River state: Odukpani LGA. Users: 20 (1980 R. Blench). May be extinct (Dimmendaal and Voeltz 2007). Status: 8b (Nearly extinct). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Cross River, Delta Cross, Upper Cross, Kiong-Korop

Ogbah ogc

Rivers state: Ogba-Egbema-Ndoni LGA in north Niger delta; Bayelsa state: Sagbama LGA. Users: 334,000 (2020). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Ogba, Olu Ọgba Autonym: Ọgba Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Igboid, Igbo

Ogbia ogb

Bayelsa state: Brass and Ogbia LGAs; Rivers state: Abua-Odual LGA. Users: 393,000 (2020). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Ogbinya Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Cross River, Delta Cross, Central Delta

Ogbogolo ogg

Rivers state: Ahoada LGA. 1 town. Users: 10,000 (1995). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Obogolo Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Cross River, Delta Cross, Central Delta

Ogbronuagum ogu

Rivers state: Degema LGA, Bukuma village near Buguma. Users: 12,000 (2000 E. Kari). Ethnic population: 12,000 (2000 E. Kari). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Agum, Bukuma, Obronuagum Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Cross River, Delta Cross, Central Delta

Oko-Eni-Osayen oks

Edo state: Akoko-Edo LGA; Kogi state: Okene LGA, Magongo and Ogori towns. Users: 39,300 (2005 census). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Ogori-Magongo, Oko Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Oko

Okobo okb

Akwa Ibom state: Okobo LGA. Users: 50,000 (Connell and Hajek 1991). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Cross River, Delta Cross, Lower Cross, Obolo, Okobo

Okodia okd

Bayelsa state: Sagbama LGA; Rivers state: Ogba-Egbena-Ndoni LGA. Users: 3,600 (Voegelin and Voegelin 1977). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Akita, Okordia Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Ijoid, Ijo, West, Inland Ijo

Okpamheri opa

Edo state: Akoko-Edo LGA; Ekiti state: Aiyekire, Ekiti East, Emure, and Ise-Orun LGAs; Kogi state: Ogori-Magongo LGA; Ondo state. Users: 91,500 (2021 IMB). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Opameri Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Edoid, Northwestern, Southern

Okpe oke

Delta state: Okpe, Sapele, Ughelli South, and Uvbie LGAs, southeast of Warri. Users: 25,400 (2000). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Ukpɛ Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Edoid, Southwestern

Okpe okx

Edo state: Akoko-Edo LGA. Users: 8,700 (2004). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Edoid, Northwestern, Southern

Oloma olm

Edo state: Akoko-Edo LGA. Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Edoid, Northwestern, Southern

Olulumo-Ikom iko

Cross River state: Ikom LGA. Users: 30,000 (Faraclas 1989). 5,000 Olulumo, 25,000 Ikom. Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Lulumo Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Cross River, Delta Cross, Upper Cross, Central, East-West, Ikom

Oring org

Benue state: Okpokwu LGA; Ebonyi state: Ishielu LGA. Users: 75,000 (1989). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Koring, Orri, Orrin, Orringorrin Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Cross River, Delta Cross, Upper Cross, Central, North-South, Koring-Kukele, Koring

Oro orx

Akwa Ibom state: Oron, Udung Uko, and Urue-Offrong-Oruko LGAs. Users: 75,000 (1989). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Oron Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Cross River, Delta Cross, Lower Cross, Obolo, Oro

Oruma orr

Bayelsa state: Ogbia LGA, Ibelebiri and Oruma towns. Users: 5,000 (1995). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Tugbeni, Tugbeni Kạạmạ Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Ijoid, Ijo, West, Inland Ijo

Ososo oso

Edo state: Akoko-Edo LGA; Kogi state: Adavi and Okene LGAs. Users: 19,000 (2000). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Edoid, North-Central, Ghotuo-Uneme-Yekhee

Otank uta

Benue state: Kwande LGA; Cross River state: Obanliku LGA. Users: 15,000 (2006 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Itang, Itank, Otang, Otanga, Utanga, Utange, Utank Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Tivoid

Pa’a pqa

Bauchi state: Bauchi and Ningi LGAs. Users: 8,000 (1995 CAPRO). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Afa, Afanci, Afawa, Fa’awa, Foni, Fucaka, Fuucəka, Pa’anci, Pa’awa, Paha, Pala Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, West, B, B.2

Panawa pwb

Bauchi state: Toro LGA, 5 villages; Plateau state: Bassa LGA. Users: 3,500 (Blench 2003). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Bugel, Bujiyel, anaPanawa, iPanawa Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Kainji, Eastern, Northern Jos

Pangseng pgs

Taraba state: Karim Lamido LGA. Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Adamawa, Leko-Nimbari, Mumuye-Yandang, Mumuye

Pangu png

Niger state: Rafi LGA, Gumna and Tegina districts, Kaduna, Minna, Kontagora, and Bida towns; Sabon Gari Pangu is center. Users: 30,000 (2003 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Akwa, Arĩ, Arringeu, Panganci, Pongo, Pongu, Rin, Tə-rĩ, Tara, Tarin, Tariya Autonym: Ta̱rin Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Kainji, Western, Kamuku

Pere pfe

Adamawa state: Ganye LGA. Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Kotofo, Kotopo, Kotpojo, Pare, Patapori, Peer, Peere, Potopo, Potopore, “Koutin” (pej.), “Kutin” (pej.), “Kutine” (pej.), “Kutinn” (pej.) Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Adamawa, Leko-Nimbari, Duru, Voko-Dowayo, Kutin

Pero pip

Gombe state: Kaltungo LGA, Burak, Gundalf, Gwandum, Kushi, and Yapito; Taraba state: Karim-Lamido LGA; possibly Bauchi state. Users: 25,000 (1995 CAPRO). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Filiya, Pìpéerò, Walo Autonym: Péerò Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, West, A, A.2, Tangale, Tangale Proper

Piapung pcw

Plateau state: Mikang LGA, Piapung district. Users: 3,000 (2016 R. Blench). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Piapum, Pirpum, Pyapun, Pyapung Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, West, A, A.3, Angas Proper, 2

Pidgin, Nigerian pcm

Widespread. Users: 120,650,000, all users. L1 users: 4,650,000 (2020). L2 users: 116,000,000 (2020). Status: 3 (Wider communication). Evolved as a result of language contact with the British colonists in 1800. Lingua franca across Nigeria. Alternate Names: Anglo-Nigerian Pidgin, Broken English, Brokin, Brokun, Nigerian Creole English, Nigerian Pidgin English, Pidgin, Pijin Autonym: Naijá Classification: Creole, English based, Atlantic, Krio

Piya-Kwonci piy

Bauchi state; Taraba state: Karim Lamido LGA. 21 villages or more. Users: 5,000 (1992). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Pia, Pitiko, Piya, Wurkum Autonym: Ambandi Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, West, A, A.2, Tangale, Tangale Proper

Polci plj

Bauchi state: Bauchi, Dass, and Toro LGAs. Users: 22,000 (1995 CAPRO). 2,000 Zul (1995), 4,000 Buli (1993), 400 Langas (1993), 15,000 Polci, 250 Baram (1993), 800 Dir (1993). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Palchi, Palci, Palsawa, Polchi, Ɓarawa Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, West, B, B.3, Zaar Proper

Psikye kvj

Adamawa state: northeast of Michika, south of Madagali, in Mandara mountains. Users: 12,000 in Nigeria (1992). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Kamsiki, Kapsiki, Ptsake Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, Biu-Mandara, A, A.3

Putai mfl

Adamawa state: Madagali and Michika LGAs; Borno state: Akira-Uba, Biu, Chibok, Damboa, Hawul, Kaga, and Konduga LGAs. Users: 50. Status: 8b (Nearly extinct). Alternate Names: Marghi West Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, Biu-Mandara, A, A.2, 1

Pyam pym

Plateau state: Barkin Ladi, Jos, and Mangu LGAs. Users: 31,000 (1996 census). Status: 8a (Moribund). Alternate Names: Fem, Fyam, Fyem, Genawa, Gyem, Gyema, Paiem, Pem, Pyem Autonym: Pyam Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Plateau, Southeastern

Pye pai

Plateau state: Pankshin LGA, southeast. 12 villages. Users: 8,000 (2019 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Pai, Pe, Piyeh, “Dalong” (pej.) Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Plateau, Tarokoid

Rang rax

Taraba state: Zing LGA. Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Adamawa, Leko-Nimbari, Mumuye-Yandang, Mumuye

Reshe res

Kebbi state: Yauri LGA; Niger state: Borgu LGA; Niger river banks, north of Busa. Users: 44,000 (1993 SIL). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Bareshe, Gunga, Gunganchi, Gunganci, Gungawa, Tsureja, Yaurawa Autonym: Tsureshe Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Kainji, Western, Reshe

Rigwe iri

Kaduna state: Kauru LGA; Plateau state: Jos North, Jos South, and Bassa LGAs. Users: 40,000 (1985 UBS). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Aregwe, Idafan, Iregwe, Irigwe, Kwal, Kwan, Kwoll, Miango, Miyango, Nkarigwe, Nnerigwe, Nyango, Yirigwe Autonym: Rigwe Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Plateau, Central, South-Central

Rogo rod

Kaduna state: Birnin Gwari LGA; Niger state: Mariga and Rafi LGAs, Ucanja town area, northwest of Kagara. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Burogo, Shiyabe, TɔRɔgɔ, Toshiyabe, Ucanja Kamuku, Urogo Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Kainji, Western, Kamuku

Rom tdk

Plateau state: Pankshin LGA, Tambes village. 6km northwest of Pankshin town. Users: 2,000 (2019 SIL). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Marom, Tambas, Tambes, Tembis Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, West, A, A.4, Fyer

Ron cla

Plateau state: Barakin-Ladi, Bokkos, and Mangu LGAs; possibly Nassawara state. Users: 228,000 (2020). 20,000 Shagau (Manguna). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Challawa, “Cala” (pej.), “Chala” (pej.), “Challa” (pej.) Autonym: Run Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, West, A, A.4, Ron Proper

Ruma ruz

Kaduna state: Saminaka LGA. Users: 5,090 (2000). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Arumaruma, Bagwama, Rurama, Ruruma, Turama, Turuma Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Kainji, Eastern, Northern Jos, Kauru

Samba Daka ccg

Adamawa state: Ganye and Mayo Belwa LGAs; Taraba state: Bali, Gashaka, Jalingo, and Zing LGAs. Users: 107,000 (2000). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Chamba, Chamba Daka, Daka, Dakka, Dekka, Deng, Jama, Sama, Samabu, Samba, Tchamba, Tikk, Tsamba Autonym: Sama Mum Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Northern, Dakoid

Samba Leko ndi

Adamawa state: Jada LGA; Benue state: Kwande LGA; Taraba state: Bali, Donga, and Takum LGAs; five separate enclaves. Users: 62,000 in Nigeria (2000). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Chamba Leko, Lego, Leko, Lekon, Ndi, Samba, Samba Leeko, Suntai Autonym: Sama Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Adamawa, Leko-Nimbari, Leko

Sambe xab

Kaduna state: Sambe village 10 km west of Agamati town. Users: 2 (Blench 2019). Status: 8b (Nearly extinct). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Plateau, Western, Southwestern, B

Sanga xsn

Bauchi state: Toro LGA; Kaduna state: Lere LGA; Plateau state: Bassa LGA. Users: 15,000 (1995 CAPRO). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Asanga, Isanga Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Kainji, Eastern, Northern Jos, Jera

Sasaru sxs

Edo state: Akoko-Edo LGA. Users: 12,500 (2000). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Edoid, North-Central, Ghotuo-Uneme-Yekhee

Saya say

Bauchi state: Bogoro, Dass, Tafawa-Balewa, and Toro LGAs; Plateau state: Kanem and Mangu LGA borders. Users: 300,000 (2013 SIL). 7,000 Sigidi (1995 CAPRO). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Sayanci, Sayara, Sayawa, Seiyara, Seya, Seyawa, Vigzar, Vikzar, Zaar Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, West, B, B.3, Zaar Proper

Sha scw

Kaduna state: Sanga LGA border; Plateau state: Bokkos LGA, Sha district. Users: 3,000 (1998 SIL). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, West, A, A.4, Ron Proper

Shall-Zwall sha

Bauchi state: Dass LGA. Users: 8,900 (2004). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Plateau, Beromic

Shama-Sambuga sqa

Kaduna state: Birnin Gwari LGA; Niger state: Mariga and Rafi LGAs. Users: 5,000 (1995 S. and S. Dettweiler). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Tushama, Ushama Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Kainji, Western, Kamuku

Shamang xsh

Kaduna state: Jema’a and Kachia LGAs. Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Samang, Samban Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Plateau, Western, Northwestern, Hyamic

Shanga sho

Kebbi state: Lopo, Sakace, Kawama, and Sawa villages, within a km of the Niger river. Users: 5,400 (2015 R. Jones). Ethnic population: 20,000 (2010 R. Jones). There is ethnic Shanga population speaking Hausa [hau] in Shanga, Dugu Tsofo, and some other villages in Kebbi State between Kaoje and Yauri, Niger river, both sides. Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Shangawa, Shonga, Shongawa Classification: Niger-Congo, Mande, Eastern, Eastern, Kyanga

Shau sqh

Bauchi state: Toro LGA, Mana and Shau villages. Users: No known L1 speakers. 1 old man in 1975 (Sommer 1992). Last speaker probably survived into the 1980s. Status: 10 (Extinct). Alternate Names: Lìsháù, Sho Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Kainji, Eastern, Northern Jos, Jera

Sheni scv

Kaduna state: Saminaka LGA. Users: 6 (2004 R. Blench). Ethnic population: 1,500. Status: 8b (Nearly extinct). Alternate Names: Seni, Shaini, Shani, Shenanci, Shenne, tiSeni Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Kainji, Eastern, Northern Jos, Jera

Shiki gua

Bauchi state: Bauchi LGA, Gubi and Guru towns north of Bauchi town. Users: Ethnic population: 1,200 (2006 J. Leclerc). Status: 8a (Moribund). Alternate Names: Guba, Gubawa, Gubi, Mashiki Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Jarawan, Nigerian

Shoo-Minda-Nye bcv

Taraba state: Karim Lamido LGA, Benue river banks. Users: 10,000 (1973 SIL). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Bakula Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Jukunoid, Central, Jukun-Mbembe-Wurbo, Unclassified

Shuwa-Zamani ksa

Kaduna state: Kajuru LGA. Users: 1,000 (1973 SIL). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Kauru, Kuzamani, Rishuwa Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Kainji, Eastern, Northern Jos, Kauru

Siri sir

Bauchi state: Ningi LGA. Users: Ethnic population: 3,800 (2006 J. Leclerc). Status: 8a (Moribund). Alternate Names: Sirawa Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, West, B, B.2

Somyev kgt

Taraba state: Sardauna LGA, Jabu, Kikau, Kila Yang, Kuma, Mayo Daga, and Njike towns. Users: 15 (2000 B. Connell). Status: 8b (Nearly extinct). Alternate Names: Kila, Somyewe Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Northern, Mambiloid, Mambila-Konja, Magu-Kamkam-Kila

Sorko bze

Kebbi, Kwara, and Niger states, Lake Kainji. Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Corogama, Jenaama Bozo, Jenama, Nononke, Sarkanci, Sarkawa, Sorogama, “Boso” (pej.), “Bozo” (pej.) Classification: Niger-Congo, Mande, Western, Northwestern, Soninke-Bobo, Soninke-Boso, Boso, Jenaama

Sukur syk

Adamawa state: Madagali LGA, Mandara mountains; Borno state: Gwoza LGA. Users: 14,800 (1992). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Adikimmu Sukur, Gemasakun, Sakul, Sugur Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, Biu-Mandara, A, A.6

Tagalog tgl

Users: 21,000 in Nigeria (2021 Joshua Project). , based on ethnicity. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Central Philippine, Central Philippine, Tagalog

Tal tal

Plateau state: Pankshin LGA, 53 villages. Users: 10,000 (1973 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Tal mwa Autonym: Tal Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, West, A, A.3, Angas Proper, 2

Tala tak

Bauchi state: Bauchi LGA, Kuka and Talan Kasa villages. Users: 1,000 (1993). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, West, B, B.3, Guruntum

Tamajaq, Tawallammat ttq

Sokoto state. Users: Few in Nigeria. Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Azbinawa, Buzu, Tahoua Tamajeq, Tamajaq, Tamasheq, Tomacheck, Tuareg Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Berber, Tamasheq, Southern

Tangale tan

Bauchi state: Alkaleri LGA, Futuk village; Gombe state: Akko, Balanga, Billiri, and Kaltungo LGAs. Users: 272,000 (2020). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Tangle Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, West, A, A.2, Tangale, Tangale Proper

Tanjijili uji

Niger state: Chanchaga and Suleija LGAs, Kafin Koro on Minna to Abuja road. About 10 villages. Users: 8,540 (2000). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Jijili, Koro, Koro Funtu of Kafin Koro, Koro Funtu of Minna, Koro Funtu of Shakoyi, Ujijili Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Plateau, Southern

Tarjumo txj

Borno state. Users: No known L1 speakers. Ethnic population: No ethnic community. Status: 9 (Second language only). Alternate Names: Old Kanembu Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Saharan, Western, Kanuri

Tarok yer

Plateau state: Kanam, Langtang, and Wase LGAs; Taraba state: Wukari LGA. Users: 520,000 (2020). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Appa, Taroh, Yergam, Yergem, Yergum Autonym: iTárók Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Plateau, Tarokoid

Tedaga tuq

Borno state: northeast LGAs. A few villages. Users: 2,000 in Nigeria (Blench and Zeitlyn 1990). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Teda, Tudaga Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Saharan, Western, Tebu

Tee tkq

Rivers state: Tai LGA. Users: 447,000 (2020). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Tai Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Cross River, Delta Cross, Ogoni, East

Teme tdo

Adamawa state: Mayo Belwa LGA, Mayo Belwa river banks. Users: 4,000 (1995). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Tema Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Adamawa, Leko-Nimbari, Mumuye-Yandang, Mumuye

Tera ttr

Borno state: Kwayakusar LGA; Gombe state: Yamaltu-Deba LGA. Users: 101,000 (2000). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, Biu-Mandara, A, A.1, Western

Tha thy

Taraba state: Lau area. Users: 1,000 (1998 U. Kleinewillinghöfer). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Joole Manga, Kapawa Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Adamawa, Waja-Jen, Jen

Tita tdq

Taraba state: Jalingo LGA, Hoai Petel. Users: 3,420 (2000). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Hoai Petel Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Jukunoid, Central, Jukun-Mbembe-Wurbo, Wurbo

Tiv tiv

Benue state: Buruku, Gboko, Guma, Gwer West, Katsina Ala, Kwande, Makurdi, Ushongo, and Vandeikya LGAs; Cross River state: Bekwara, Obanliku, Obudu, and Yala LGAs; Nassarawa state: Awe, Doma, Keana, Nassarawa, Lafia, and Obi LGAs; Plateau state: Qua’an Pan and Shendam LGAs; Taraba state: Bali, Takum, and Wukari LGAs. Users: 4,560,000 in Nigeria (2020). Status: 3 (Wider communication). De facto language of provincial identity in Benue, Nassarawa, Plateau, Taraba, and Cross River states, used in elementary education. Autonym: Tiv Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Tivoid

Tiyaa tyy

Bauchi state: Bogoro LGA, Boi town. Users: 6,000 (2020 SIL). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Ayaa, Boi, Boyawa, Kaye, Tiya, Ya Autonym: Tiyaa Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Plateau, Western, Southwestern, A

Toro tdv

Kaduna state: Sanga LGA; Nassarawa state: Wamba LGA, Turkwam village northeast of Wamba. Users: 3,930 (2000). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Turkwam Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Plateau

Tsikimba kdl

Kebbi state: Ngaski LGA, south Kainji lake; Niger state: Magama, Mariga, and Mashegu LGAs, Auna and Wara areas on Niger river. Users: 100,000 (2004 SIL). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Akimba, Auna, Kambari, Kamberchi, Kamberri, Kimba Autonym: Tsikimba Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Kainji, Western, Kambari

Tsishingini tsw

Kebbi state: Ngaski LGA, east of Kainji lake; Niger state: Kontagora, Magama, Mariga, Mashegu, and Rijau LGAs, Salka area. Users: 100,000 (2004 SIL). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Ashingini, Cishingini, Kambari, Kamberchi, Kamberri, Salka Autonym: Tsishingini Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Kainji, Western, Kambari

Tso ldp

Adamawa state: Lamurde LGA; Gombe state: Balanga LGA. Users: 16,000 (1992 CAPRO). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Cibbo, Cuyi Tsó, Kitta, Lotsu-Piri, Pire, Piri, Tsóbó Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Adamawa, Waja-Jen, Waja, Cham-Mona

Tsucuba cbq

Kebbi state: Ngaski LGA, Wara. 8 villages. Users: 1,000 (2014 S. McGill). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Cuba, Urcibar Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Kainji, Western, Kainji Lake

Tsuvadi tvd

Kebbi state: Ngaski LGA; Niger state: Kontagora, Magama, Mariga, and Rijau LGAs. Users: 130,000 (2011 M. Hansley). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Abadi, Avadi, Evadi, Ibeto, Kamberi Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Kainji, Western, Kambari

Tugbiri-Niragu grh

Kaduna state: Lere LGA, Gure and Kahugu villages. Users: 25,000 (2000), increasing. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Gbiri-Niragu, Gure-Kahugu Autonym: Tugbiri, Tugbiri-Niragu Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Kainji, Eastern, Northern Jos, Kauru

Tula tul

Gombe state: Kaltungo LGA. Users: 50,000 (2009 R. Blench). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Kotule, Kutule Autonym: KiTulɛ Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Adamawa, Waja-Jen, Waja, Tula

Tumi kku

Kaduna state: Saminaka LGA. Users: 2,270 (2000). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Kitimi, Tutumi Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Kainji, Eastern, Northern Jos, Kauru

Tunzuii dza

Bauchi state: Toro LGA, 2 villages; Plateau state: Jos East LGA, 5 villages. Users: 2,500 (Blench 2003). Ethnic population: 4,500. Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Dugusa, Duguza, Itunzu Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Kainji, Eastern, Northern Jos, Jera

Tyap kcg

Kaduna state: Chikun, Jema’a, Kaura, Kauru, Lere, and Zangon Kataf LGAs. Also other urban areas like Kano, Jos, Abuja and Lagos. Dialects: Kaduna state: Jema’a LGA (Fantswam and Tyuku dialects), Kaura LGA (Gworog, Sholyio, Takad, Tyap, and Tyecarat dialects), Zangon Kataf LGA (Tyap and Tyecarat dialects); Plateau state: Riyom LGA (Takad dialect). Users: 255,000 (2020). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Katab, Kataf Autonym: Tyap Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Plateau, Central, South-Central

Ubaghara byc

Cross River state: Akampka LGA. Users: 30,000 (1985 UBS). 24,000 Biakpan. Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Cross River, Delta Cross, Upper Cross, Central, North-South, Ubaghara-Kohumono, Ubaghara

Ubang uba

Cross River state: Obudu LGA. Users: 11,100 (2013 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Ùbâŋ Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Cross River, Bendi

Uda uda

Akwa Ibom state: Mbo LGA. Users: 10,000 (1988). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Cross River, Delta Cross, Lower Cross, Obolo, Enwang-Uda

Uhami uha

Ekiti state: Ikere LGA. Users: 13,600 (2000). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Ishua Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Edoid, Northwestern, Osse

Ukaan kcf

Edo state: Akoko-Edo LGA; Ekiti state: Akoko North East LGA; Kogi state: Ijimu LGA, Auga, Ayanran, and Ishe towns. Users: 18,000 (1973 SIL). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: AIKA (Ayanran-Ishe-Kakumo-Auga), Anyaran, Ikaan, Ikani, Ìkàn, Ìkã, Ùkãã Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Ukaan

Ukpet-Ehom akd

Cross River state: Akamkpa LGA. Users: 11,400 (2000). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Akpet-Ehom Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Cross River, Delta Cross, Upper Cross, Akpet

Ukue uku

Ekiti state: Ado-Ekiti and Irepodun-Ifelodun LGAs. Users: 14,100 (2000). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Ekpenmen, Ekpenmi, Epinmi, Ukpe Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Edoid, Northwestern, Osse

Ukwa ukq

Cross River state: Akampka LGA. Users: 100 (2004). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Cross River, Delta Cross, Lower Cross, Obolo, Efik

Ukwuani-Aboh-Ndoni ukw

Anambra state: Ogbaru LGA; Delta state: Ogba-Egbema-Ndoni LGA; Edo state: Ndokwa East LGA; Rivers state: Oguta and Ohaji-Egbema Ndoni LGAs. Users: 315,000 (2020). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Igboid, Igbo

Ulukwumi ulb

Edo state: Esan South East LGA, west of Niger river. Users: 10,000 (Crozier and Blench 1992). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Olukumi Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Defoid, Yoruboid, Edekiri

Umon umm

Cross River state: Akampka LGA. 25 villages. Users: 20,000 (1995). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Amon Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Cross River, Delta Cross, Upper Cross, Central, North-South, Ubaghara-Kohumono, Kohumono

Uneme une

Edo state: Agbazko, Akoko-Edo, and Etsako LGAs. Users: 19,800 (2000). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Ileme, Ineme, Uleme Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Edoid, North-Central, Ghotuo-Uneme-Yekhee

Urhobo urh

Bayelsa state: Sagbama LGA, Ofoni town; Delta state: Ethiope East, Ughelli North and Ughelli South LGAs, Sapele and Warri areas; Edo state: Ikpoba-Okha and Orhiomwon LGAs. Users: 1,110,000 (2020). Status: 5* (Developing). De facto language of provincial identity in Delta and Edo states, elementary education. Alternate Names: Biotu, “Sobo” (pej.) Autonym: Urhobo Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Edoid, Southwestern

us-Saare uss

Kebbi state: Dukku, Wasagu, and Yauri LGAs. Users: 60,000 (2017 D. Heath). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Western Duka, Western Dukawa, es-Saare, əs-Saare Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Kainji, Western, Duka

Usaghade usk

Cross River state: Odukpani LGA, Calabar area. Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Isangele, Usakade, Usakedet Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Cross River, Delta Cross, Lower Cross, Obolo, Usaghade

ut-Hun uth

Niger state: Rijau LGA. Users: 50,000 (2017 D. Heath). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Eastern Duka, Eastern Dukawa, Hun-ne, Hune, et-Hun, ət-Hun Autonym: it-Hun Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Kainji, Western, Duka

ut-Ma’in gel

Kebbi state: Sakaba LGA, Kur; Zuru LGA, Fakai district, migrants south; Zamfara state: Kebbe LGA. Users: 36,000 (1992 SIL). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Fakai, Fakanchi, Fakanci, Fakkanci, Gelanchi Autonym: ut-Ma’in Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Kainji, Western, Duka

Utugwang-Irungene-Afrike afe

Benue state: Vandeika LGA; Cross River state: Bekwarra, Obudu, and Ogoja LGAs. Users: 70,000 (2012 L. Otronyi). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Ebe Cluster, Putukwam Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Cross River, Bendi

Uvbie evh

Delta state: Uvwie LGA. Users: 19,800 (2000). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Effurun, Evrie, Uvhria, Uvwie, “Evhro” (pej.) Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Edoid, Southwestern

Uzekwe eze

Cross River state: Ogoja LGA. Users: 5,000 (1973 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Ezekwe Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Cross River, Delta Cross, Upper Cross, Central, North-South, Koring-Kukele, Kukele

Vemgo-Mabas vem

Adamawa state: Michika LGA, Madagali district. Users: 10,000 in Nigeria (1993). Total users in all countries: 11,000. Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, Biu-Mandara, A, A.4, Lamang

Verre ver

Adamawa state: Fufore and Yole LGAs, Verre hills. Users: 104,000 in Nigeria (2000). Total users in all countries: 110,520. Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Kobo, Mom Jango, Vere, Were Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Adamawa, Leko-Nimbari, Duru, Voko-Dowayo, Vere-Dowayo, Vere-Gimme, Vere

Viti vit

Taraba state: Sardauna LGA, Antere. Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Vötö Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Wide Grassfields, Narrow Grassfields, Unclassified

Vono kch

Kaduna state: Saminaka LGA. Users: 500 (1973 SIL). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Kiballo, Kiwollo Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Kainji, Eastern, Northern Jos, Kauru

Vori sde

Kaduna state: Saminaka LGA. Users: 3,000 (2016 R. Blench). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Fiti, Skrubu, Srubu, Surubu, Tivori, Zurubu Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Kainji, Eastern, Northern Jos, Kauru

Voro vor

Adamawa state: Guyuk and Song LGAs, Waltande, area hamlets. Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Bena, Buna, Ebina, Ebuna, Woro, Yungur Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Adamawa, Waja-Jen, Yungur, Yungur-Roba

Vute vut

Taraba state: Sardauna LGA, Northeast Mambila plateau. Users: 1,000 in Nigeria (1973 SIL). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Babute, Bute, Buti, Fute, Mbute, Mbutere, Mfuti, Vutere, Wetere, Wute Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Northern, Mambiloid, Suga-Vute, Vute

Waja wja

Adamawa state: northern Michika LGA; Borno state: Gwoza LGA; Gombe state: Akko, Balanga, and Yamaltu Deba LGAs; Taraba state: Bali LGA. Users: 60,000 (1989 U. Kleinewillinghöfer). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Nyan Wiyau, Wiyaa, Wiyau, Wuya Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Adamawa, Waja-Jen, Waja, Tula

Waka wav

Adamawa state: Demsa and Numan LGAs. Users: 5,000 (1992). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Adamawa, Leko-Nimbari, Mumuye-Yandang, Mumuye

Wandala mfi

Borno state: Bama, Damboa, Gwoza, and Konduga LGAs. Users: 20,000 in Nigeria (1993). 10,000 Gamargu, 9,300 Kirawa. Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Mandara, Ndara Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, Biu-Mandara, A, A.4, Mandara Proper, Mandara

Wannu jub

Benue state: Makurdi LGA, Iharev district, Abinsi town. Users: 4,000. Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Abinsi, Awannu, Jukun Abinsi, River Jukun Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Jukunoid, Central, Jukun-Mbembe-Wurbo, Kororofa

Wapan juk

Benue state: Guma LGA; Nassarawa state: Awe and Lafia LGAs; Plateau state: Langtang South and Shendam LGAs; Taraba state: Gassol and Wukari LGAs. Users: 100,000 (1994 UBS). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Jinkum, Jukon, Juku, Juku Junkun, Jukum, Jukun Wapan, Jukun Wukari, Wakari, Wapã, Wukari Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Jukunoid, Central, Jukun-Mbembe-Wurbo, Kororofa

Wãpha juw

Plateau state: Langtang LGA, Kumbur village; Shendam and Wase LGAs, Wase Tofa village. Users: 1,610 (2000). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Jukun Wase, Wase, Wase Tofa Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Jukunoid, Central, Jukun-Mbembe-Wurbo, Jukun

Warji wji

Bauchi state: Ningi LGA; Jigawa state: Birnin Kudu LGA. Users: 77,700 (2000). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Sar, Sarawa, Sirzakwai, Warja, Warjawa Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, West, B, B.2

Wom wom

Adamawa state: Fufore LGA. Users: 5,000 (Blench 1989). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Pere, Pereba, Perema Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Adamawa, Leko-Nimbari, Leko

Yace ekr

Cross River state: Yala LGA, Aliforkpa, Imbuor, Maa, Osina, Uchu, and Wonyer. Users: 50,000 (2002). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Ekpari, Iyace, Yache, Yatye Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Idomoid, Yatye-Akpa

Yala yba

Benue state: Oju LGA; Cross River state: Ikom, Obubra, and Yala LGAs. Users: 278,000 (2020), increasing. 50,000 monolinguals. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Iyala Autonym: Yala Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Idomoid, Akweya, Etulo-Idoma, Idoma

Yamba yam

Taraba state: Gashaka and Sardauna LGAs, Antere, and other border villages. Users: Few in Nigeria (1990 R. Blench). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Mbem, “Kaka” (pej.) Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Wide Grassfields, Narrow Grassfields, Mbam-Nkam, Nkambe

Yangkam bsx

Plateau state: Kanam, Langtang, and Wase LGAs, on Amper-Bashar road, Bayar, Kiram, Pyaksam, and Tukur villages. Users: 100 (1996 R. Blench). Status: 8b (Nearly extinct). Alternate Names: Bashar, Basharawa, Bashiri, Yankam Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Plateau, Tarokoid

Yedina bdm

Borno state: islands in Lake Chad. Users: 3,000 in Nigeria. Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Boudouma, Buduma, Yedana, Yedima, Yedǝnami, Yidana Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, Biu-Mandara, B, B.1, Buduma

Yendang ynq

Adamawa state: Mayo Belwa; Taraba state: Karim Lamido, Lau, Yoro, and Zing LGAs, Jalingo; a village quarter of Yola. Users: 50,000 (1987). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Kuseki, Nya Korok, Nya Yendang, Nyandang, Yadang, Yandang, Yendam, Yundum Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Adamawa, Leko-Nimbari, Mumuye-Yandang, Yandang

Yoruba yor

Widespread, in southwest. Users: 44,600,000 in Nigeria, all users. L1 users: 42,600,000 in Nigeria (2020). L2 users: 2,000,000. Total users in all countries: 45,612,560 (as L1: 43,612,560; as L2: 2,000,000). Status: 2 (Provincial). De facto provincial language in southwestern region. Alternate Names: Yariba, Yooba, Yorùbá Autonym: Èdè Yorùbá Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Defoid, Yoruboid, Edekiri

Yotti yot

Taraba state: south of Mayo-Lope. 8 villages. Users: 3,000 (2011 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Wonkorok, Yoti Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Adamawa, Leko-Nimbari, Mumuye-Yandang, Yandang

Yukuben ybl

Taraba state: Takum LGA, between Katsina Ala and Gamana rivers. About 20 villages. Users: 15,000 in Nigeria (1992). Total users in all countries: 15,950. Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Ayikiben, Balaabe, Balaaben, Boritsu, Nyikobe, Nyikuben, Oohum, Uhumkhegi, Uhumkiji, Uuhum, Uuhum-Gigi Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Jukunoid, Yukuben-Kuteb

Ywom gek

Plateau state: Langtang, Mikang, and Shendam LGAs; Taraba state. Users: 10,000 (2016 R. Blench). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Garkawa, Gerka, Gerkanchi, Gerkawa, Gurka, Yioum, Yiwom Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, West, A, A.3, Yiwom

Zangwal zah

Bauchi state: Bauchi LGA. Users: 100 (1993). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Twar, Zwangal Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, West, B, B.3, Guruntum

Zari zaz

Bauchi state: Dass, Tafawa Balewa, and Toro LGAs. Users: No known L1 speakers, but emerging L2 speakers. The last speaker died by the year 2000 (Campbell and Belew 2018). Ethnic population: 20,700 (2000 CAPRO). 20,000 Zakshi (1995 CAPRO), 1,000 Boto (Gunn 1953). Status: 9 (Reawakening). Alternate Names: Zariwa Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, West, B, B.3, Zaar Proper

Zarma dje

Kebbi state: Argungu, Birnin Kebbi, and Bunza LGAs; Niger state: on Kontagora road; Yobe state: north of Nguru. Users: 87,800 in Nigeria (2000). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Adzerma, Djerma, Dyabarma, Dyarma, Dyerma, Zabarma, Zarbarma, Zarma sanni, Zarmaciine, Zerma Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Songhai, Southern

Zeem zua

Bauchi state: Toro LGA. Users: No known L1 speakers. Last speakers may have survived into the 2000s. Status: 9 (Dormant). Alternate Names: Chaari Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, West, B, B.3, Zaar Proper

Zhire zhi

Kaduna state: Kagarko LGA, Kenyi district; 8 villages. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Banyi, Jabji, Kanyi, Kenyi Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Plateau, Western, Northwestern, Hyamic

Zizilivakan ziz

Adamawa state: Mubi North LGA, Jilvu town, near Cameroon border. Users: 6,000 in Nigeria (2010 Z. Yoder et al.). Total users in all countries: 6,200. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Fali of Jilbu, Jilvu, Zhilvu, Ziliva, Ziziliveken, Àmzírív Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, Biu-Mandara, A, A.8

Zumbun jmb

Bauchi state: Darazo LGA, Jimbim settlement. Users: 2,000 (1995 CAPRO). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Jimbin, Jimbinawa Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, West, B, B.2