NE
Republic of Niger
Niger
Summary
Official Name
Republic of Niger
International Conventions
ACHPR (1986), CDE (1968), CPPDCE (2007), CSICH (2007), ICCPR (1986), UNCRPD (2008), UNDRIP (2007)
Population
23,311,000
Principal Languages
French
Literacy Rate
35% (2018 UNESCO)
General References
Applegate 1970, Bendor-Samuel and Hartell 1989, Nicolaï 1979, Nicolaï 1981, Nicolaï 1983, Sapir 1971, Vanderaa 1991
Language Counts
The number of established languages listed for Niger is 23. All are living languages. Of these, 19 are indigenous and 4 are non-indigenous. Furthermore, 5 are institutional, 8 are developing, 8 are vigorous, and 2 are in trouble. Also listed are 3 unestablished languages.
Languages
- Arabic, Algerian Saharan Spoken aao
- Agadez area. Users: 10,000 in Niger (1998). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, South, Arabic
- Arabic, Hassaniyya mey
- Tahoua region: Tchin-tabaraden department. Users: 24,500 in Niger (2019). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Hasanya, Hassani, Maure, Mauri, Moor, Sulaka Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, South, Arabic
- Arabic, Libyan Spoken ayl
- Agadez region: Bilma north from N’guigmi to Libya border; Diffa region; Zinder region: Goure department. Users: 12,000 in Niger (2019). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Libyan Vernacular Arabic, Sulaimitian Arabic Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, South, Arabic
- Arabic, Shuwa shu
- Diffa region: Lake Chad north shore. Users: 12,000 in Niger (2019). Status: 5* (Dispersed). Alternate Names: Arabe Choa, Chadic Arabic, Shua Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, South, Arabic
- Arabic, Standard arb
- Widespread. Users: 7,800 in Niger (2015 SIL), all users. Status: 4 (Educational). Recognized language (2010, Constitution, Article 5), used in education. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, South, Arabic
- Bamanankan bam
- Users: 50,000 in Niger (2019). Status: Unestablished. Alternate Names: Bambara Classification: Niger-Congo, Mande, Western, Central-Southwestern, Central, Manding-Jogo, Manding-Vai, Manding-Mokole, Manding, Manding-East, Northeastern Manding, Bamana
- Dazaga dzg
- Diffa region: N’guigmi department, east near Chadian border; Zinder region: Goure department. Users: 86,400 in Niger (2019). Status: 5* (Dispersed). Recognized language (1999, Constitution, Article 3). Alternate Names: Daza, Tebu, Teda-Daza, Toubou, Tubu Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Saharan, Western, Tebu
- French fra
- Users: 2,835,000 in Niger, all users. L1 users: 5,000 in Niger (2019). L2 users: 2,830,000 (2018). Status: 1 (National). Statutory national language (1999, Constitution, Article 3). Alternate Names: Français Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Western, Gallo-Iberian, Gallo-Romance, Gallo-Rhaetian, Oïl, French
- Fulfulde, Central-Eastern Niger fuq
- Widespread. Users: 813,000 (2019). Status: 5* (Developing). Recognized language (1999, Constitution, Article 3). Alternate Names: Fula, Fulani, Fulbe, Peul, Peulh Autonym: Fulfulde Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Atlantic, Northern, Senegambian, Fula-Wolof, Fula, East Central
- Fulfulde, Western Niger fuh
- Dosso region: Burkina Faso border east to Dogondoutchi area; group in Niamey region; Tillabéri region: central and west. Users: 1,120,000 in Niger (2019). Total users in all countries: 2,320,000. Status: 5 (Developing). Recognized language (1999, Constitution, Article 3). Alternate Names: Fula, Fulani, Fulbe, Gorgal Fulfulde, Northeastern Burkina Faso Fulfulde, Peul, Peulh Autonym: Fulfulde, ڢُلْڢُلْدٜ (Fulfulde) Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Atlantic, Northern, Senegambian, Fula-Wolof, Fula, East Central
- Gourmanchéma gux
- Tillabéri region: Say department, Burkina Faso border, south of Niamey. Users: 72,200 in Niger (2019). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Goulimancema, Gourma, Gourmantche, Gurma Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Gur, Central, Northern, Oti-Volta, Gurma
- Hausa hau
- Widespread. Users: 17,700,000 in Niger, all users. L1 users: 11,900,000 in Niger (2019). L2 users: 5,800,000 (2019). Status: 3 (Wider communication). Recognized language (2001, Language Law No. 2001-037), mainly used in education. The main trade language of Niger. Alternate Names: Haoussa, Hausawa, Haussa Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, West, A, A.1
- Kanembu kbl
- Users: 32,200 in Niger (2019). Status: Unestablished. Alternate Names: Kanembou Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Saharan, Western, Kanuri
- Kanuri, Bilma bms
- Agadez region: Bilma town area; southwest enclave. Users: 20,000 (2003). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Bla Bla, Kanouri, Kanoury Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Saharan, Western, Kanuri
- Kanuri, Manga kby
- Zinder region; Diffa region: Diffa and Maine-soroa departments; Nigeria border area. Users: 280,000 in Niger (1998). Total users in all countries: 480,000. Status: 5* (Developing). Recognized language (1999, Constitution, Article 3). Alternate Names: Kanouri, Kanoury, Kanuri, Kànòrí Autonym: Manga Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Saharan, Western, Kanuri
- Kanuri, Tumari krt
- Diffa region: N’guigmi and neighboring villages. Users: 40,000 (1998). 20,000 monolinguals. Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Kanambu, Kanembu Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Saharan, Western, Kanuri
- Kanuri, Yerwa knc
- Diffa region: Banda area, west of Lake Chad, along Nigeria border. Users: 80,000 in Niger (1998). Status: 5* (Dispersed). Alternate Names: Bornouans, Bornu, Central Kanuri, Kanouri, Kanoury, Kanuri, Kole, Sirata, “Beriberi” (pej.) Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Saharan, Western, Kanuri
- Tagdal tda
- Agadez region: Arlit and Tchirozerene departments; Tahoua region: southeast; northwest Zinder and north central Maradi regions. Users: 60,600 (2019). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Igalan Classification: Mixed language, Songhay-Berber
- Tamahaq, Tahaggart thv
- Agadez region: north border area. Users: 20,000 in Niger (1998). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Tamachek, Tamachek’, Tamahaq, Tamashekin, Tamasheq, Tomachek, Touareg, Tourage, Tuareg Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Berber, Tamasheq, Northern
- Tamajaq, Tawallammat ttq
- Agadez region: Tchirozerine department; Dosso region: Dogondoutchi department; northwest Maradi region; Tahoua and Tillabéri regions. Central Tahoua from Ingal to Mali border (eastern dialect); west, north and northwest of Niamey (western dialect). Users: 450,000 in Niger (1998). Total users in all countries: 870,000. Status: 5 (Developing). Recognized language (1999, Constitution, Article 3). Alternate Names: Amazigh, Tahoua, Tahoua Tamajeq, Tamachek, Tamashekin, Tamasheq, Tewellemet, Tomacheck, Touareg, Tourage, Tuareg Autonym: Tamajaq Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Berber, Tamasheq, Southern
- Tamajeq, Tayart thz
- Agadez region: Arlit and Tchirozerine departments; northwest Zinder and east, southeast Tahoua regions; Maradi region: Dakoro and Mayahi departments. Users: 250,000 (1998). Status: 4 (Educational). Alternate Names: Amazigh, Tamachek, Tomacheck, Touareg, Tuareg Autonym: Tamajeq Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Berber, Tamasheq, Southern
- Tasawaq twq
- Agadez region: In-Gall and Teguidda-In-Tessoumt. Users: 19,300 (2019). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Ingelshi Autonym: Ingalkoyyu’ Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Songhai, Northern
- Tedaga tuq
- Agadez region: Bilma department; Diffa region: N’guigmi department. Users: 24,500 in Niger (2019). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Tebu, Teda, Teda-Daza, Tibbu, Toubou, Tubu, Tudaga Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Saharan, Western, Tebu
- Tetserret tez
- Tahoua region: Abalak department, Azawagh valley between Abalak, Shadwanka and Akoubounou south of the Aîr massif. Users: 2,000 (2017 I. Maddieson). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Chinsart, Tin Sert Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Berber, Zenaga
- Yoruba yor
- Users: 74,800 in Niger (2019). Status: Unestablished. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Defoid, Yoruboid, Edekiri
- Zarma dje
- Dosso and Tillabéri regions; also Niamey. Users: 4,240,000 in Niger (2019). Total users in all countries: 4,330,100. Status: 4 (Educational). Recognized language (1999, Constitution, Article 3). Alternate Names: Adzerma, Djerma, Dyabarma, Dyarma, Dyerma, Zabarma, Zarbarma, Zarmaci, Zerma Autonym: Zarma sanni, Zarmaciine Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Songhai, Southern
Languages by Status
French
[fra] 1 (National). Statutory national language (1999, Constitution, Article 3). 2,835,000 in Niger, all users. L1 users: 5,000 in Niger (2019). L2 users: 2,830,000 (2018).
Zarma
[dje] 4 (Educational). Recognized language (1999, Constitution, Article 3). 4,240,000 in Niger (2019). Total users in all countries: 4,330,100.
Tamajeq, Tayart
[thz] 4 (Educational). 250,000 (1998).
Arabic, Standard
[arb] 4 (Educational). Recognized language (2010, Constitution, Article 5), used in education. 7,800 in Niger (2015 SIL), all users.
Dazaga
[dzg] 5* (Dispersed). Recognized language (1999, Constitution, Article 3). 86,400 in Niger (2019).
Kanuri, Yerwa
[knc] 5* (Dispersed). 80,000 in Niger (1998).
Arabic, Shuwa
[shu] 5* (Dispersed). 12,000 in Niger (2019).
Fulfulde, Western Niger
[fuh] 5 (Developing). Recognized language (1999, Constitution, Article 3). 1,120,000 in Niger (2019). Total users in all countries: 2,320,000.
Fulfulde, Central-Eastern Niger
[fuq] 5* (Developing). Recognized language (1999, Constitution, Article 3). 813,000 (2019).
Gourmanchéma
[gux] 5* (Developing). 72,200 in Niger (2019).
Kanuri, Manga
[kby] 5* (Developing). Recognized language (1999, Constitution, Article 3). 280,000 in Niger (1998). Total users in all countries: 480,000.
Tamajaq, Tawallammat
[ttq] 5 (Developing). Recognized language (1999, Constitution, Article 3). 450,000 in Niger (1998). Total users in all countries: 870,000.
Arabic, Algerian Saharan Spoken
[aao] 6a* (Vigorous). 10,000 in Niger (1998).
Kanuri, Bilma
[bms] 6a* (Vigorous). 20,000 (2003).
Kanuri, Tumari
[krt] 6a* (Vigorous). 40,000 (1998). 20,000 monolinguals.
Arabic, Hassaniyya
[mey] 6a* (Vigorous). 24,500 in Niger (2019).
Tagdal
[tda] 6a* (Vigorous). 60,600 (2019).
Tedaga
[tuq] 6a* (Vigorous). 24,500 in Niger (2019).
Tasawaq
[twq] 6a* (Vigorous). 19,300 (2019).
Arabic, Libyan Spoken
[ayl] 6a* (Vigorous). 12,000 in Niger (2019).
Language Vitality Profile

Click to enlarge with explanation
Language Status Profile

Click to enlarge with explanation
