Madagascar

Languages

Arabic, Ta’izzi-Adeni Spoken acq

Users: 56,000 in Madagascar (2020 Joshua Project). , based on ethnicity. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, South, Arabic

Chinese, Mandarin cmn

Users: 70,000 in Madagascar (2020 Joshua Project). , based on ethnicity. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Chinese

Comorian, Maore swb

Users: 3,000 in Madagascar (Johnstone and Mandryk 2001). Status: Unestablished. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, G, Swahili (G.44)

Comorian, Mwali wlc

Users: 1,000 in Madagascar (Johnstone and Mandryk 2001). Status: Unestablished. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, G, Swahili (G.44)

Comorian, Ndzwani wni

Users: 8,000 in Madagascar (Johnstone and Mandryk 2001). Status: Unestablished. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, G, Swahili (G.44)

Comorian, Ngazidja zdj

Users: 8,000 in Madagascar (Johnstone and Mandryk 2001). Status: Unestablished. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, G, Swahili (G.44)

English eng

Scattered. Status: 3 (Wider communication). Alternate Names: Anglisy Classification: Indo-European, Germanic, West, English

French fra

Users: 5,250,000 in Madagascar, all users. L1 users: 30,000 in Madagascar (2020 J. Leclerc). L2 users: 5,220,000 (2018). Status: 1 (National). Statutory national language (2010, Constitution, Article 6). Alternate Names: Frantsay, Français Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Western, Gallo-Iberian, Gallo-Romance, Gallo-Rhaetian, Oïl, French

Gujarati guj

Users: 89,000 in Madagascar (2020 Joshua Project). , based on ethnicity. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Intermediate Divisions, Western, Gujarati

Korean kor

Users: 16,000 in Madagascar (2020 Joshua Project). , based on ethnicity. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Koreanic

Malagasy mlg

Users: Population total all languages: 18,140,100. Status:

Malagasy Sign Language mzc

Scattered. Users: 135,000 (2021 DBS/DOOR/SIL). Estimated 80,000–160,000, assuming 0.3%–0.6% of total population. Other estimates: 110,000 (2014 IMB); 170,000, assuming 1% (2014 Rajaonary Theodoric, World Association of Sign Language Interpreters). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Madagascar Sign Language Classification: Sign language, Deaf community sign language

Malagasy, Antankarana xmv

Antsiranana province: Diana and Sava regions; Mahajanga province: Sofia region, a small area. Users: 156,000 (2011 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Antakarana Malagasy, Antekarana, Antekarana Malagasy, Tankarana, Tankarana Malagasy Autonym: Antakarana Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Barito, East, Malagasy

Malagasy, Bara bhr

Antananarivo province: Vakinankaratra region; Fianarantsoa province: Amoron’i Mania, Ihorombe, and Haute Matsiatra regions; Toliara province. Users: 724,000 (2011 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Autonym: Bara Malagasy Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Barito, East, Malagasy

Malagasy, Masikoro msh

Toliara province: Atsimo-Andrefana region, Moromba south to Tollara; Menabe region, coast near Mangoky river, inland near Mozambique channel. Users: 550,000 (2011 SIL). Ethnic population: A quarter are Masikoro; the rest are Masikoro speakers from other ethnic groups. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Autonym: Masikoro Malagasy Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Barito, East, Malagasy

Malagasy, Merina plt

Antanarivo and Fianarantsoa provinces; Mahajanga province: Betsiboka region. Users: 7,520,000 in Madagascar (2011 SIL). Total users in all countries: 7,546,100. Status: 1 (National). Statutory national language (2010, Provisional Constitution, Article 6), use limited in higher education. Alternate Names: Ambaniandro, Borizano, Borizany, Fiteny Malagasy, Hova, Malagasy fiteny, Malgache, Official Malagasy, Plateau Malagasy, Standard Malagasy, Teny ôfisialy Autonym: Malagasy, Malagasy ôfisialy Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Barito, East, Malagasy

Malagasy, Northern Betsimisaraka bmm

Antanarivo province: areas in Analamanga and Vakinankaratra regions; Antsiranana province: Sava region, south of Bemariva river; Mahajanga province: Sofia region, east and southeast; Toamasina province. East coast from Mahanoro north. Users: 1,270,000 (2011 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Antavaratra Autonym: Betsimisaraka Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Barito, East, Malagasy

Malagasy, Sakalava skg

Antananarivo province: western Bongolava and Vakinankaratra regions; Antsiranana province: Diana region; Fianarantsoa province: western Amoron’i Mania region; Mahajanga province; Toliara province: Atsimo-Andrefana and Menabe (coastline only) regions. Users: 1,210,000 (2014 SIL). Based on extrapolations of latest census figures to report on Malagasy people groups (2014 L. Bouwer). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Barito, East, Malagasy

Malagasy, Southern Betsimisaraka bzc

Antananarivo province: Vakinankaratra region; Fianarantsoa province: Amoron’i Mania and Atsimo-Atsinanana regions; Vatovavy-Fitovinany region, Nosy Varika, Manakara Atsimo, and Mananjary districts; Toamasina province: Alaotra-Mangoro region, south border; Atsinanana region, Mahanoro district. Users: 2,000,000 (2011 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Antatsimo, Betsimisaraka Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Barito, East, Malagasy

Malagasy, Tandroy-Mahafaly tdx

Toliara province: Androy region, Ambovombe, Bekily, Beloha, and Tsihombe districts; Anosy and Atsimo-Andrefana regions. Users: 1,300,000 (2011 SIL). Tandroy 865,000; Mahafaly 330,000; Karimbola 103,000. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Mahafaly, Tandroy Autonym: Antandroy Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Barito, East, Malagasy

Malagasy, Tanosy txy

Fianarantsoa province: Atsimo-Atsinanana region, Mahafaly area and northeast; Toliara province: Androy, Anosy, and Atsimo-Andrefana regions, southeast coast. Users: 639,000 (2011 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Barito, East, Malagasy

Malagasy, Tesaka tkg

Fianarantsoa province: Atsimo-Atsinanana and Ihorombe regions; Toliara province: Anosy region, migrating, particularly to western deltas. Users: 1,130,000 (2010 T. Bergman). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Antaisaka, Antesaka, Atesaka Autonym: Tesaka Malagasy Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Barito, East, Malagasy

Malagasy, Tsimihety xmw

Antsiranana province; Fianarantsoa province: Analanjirofo and Alaotra-Mangoro regions; Mahajanga province: Sofia region. Users: 1,615,000 (2011 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Tsimihety Autonym: Tsimihety Malagasy Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Barito, East, Malagasy

Malay zlm

Users: 33,000 in Madagascar (2020 Joshua Project). , based on ethnicity. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Malayo-Chamic, Malayic, Malay

Morisyen mfe

Users: 3,600 in Madagascar (2020 Joshua Project). , based on ethnicity. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Creole, French based

Réunion French Creole rcf

Users: 111,000 in Madagascar (2020 Joshua Project). , based on ethnicity. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Creole, French based

Swahili swh

Users: 5,600 in Madagascar (2020 Joshua Project). , based on ethnicity. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, G, Swahili (G.42)