Spain

Languages

Albanian, Tosk als

Users: 4,000 in Spain (2020 census). , based on nationality. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Albanian, Tosk

Arabic, Algerian Spoken arq

Users: 64,700 in Spain (2020 census). , based on nationality. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, South, Arabic

Arabic, Egyptian Spoken arz

Users: 4,140 in Spain (2020 census). , based on nationality. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, South, Arabic

Arabic, Moroccan Spoken ary

Users: 870,000 in Spain (2020 census). , based on nationality. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, South, Arabic

Arabic, North Levantine Spoken apc

Users: 9,630 in Spain (2020 census). , based on nationality. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, South, Arabic

Arabic, Tunisian Spoken aeb

Users: 2,900 in Spain (2020 census). , based on nationality. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, South, Arabic

Aragonese arg

Aragon autonomous community: Huesca and Zaragoza provinces; Pyrenea (north border), Navarra (west border); north of Montsó (east). Ansó, Berdún, Chaca, Chasa, and Echo towns (Western Aragonese dialect); Bielsa, Biescas, Broto, L’Ainsa, Panticosa, Torla, and Yebra (Central Aragonese dialect); Benás (Benasque, Benasc, Patués), Bisagorri, Campo, Estadilla, Graus, Perarruga, and Plan (Eastern Aragonese dialect); Agüero, Alguezra, Almudébar, Angüés, Ayerbe, Balbastro, Bolea, Labata, Lierta, Nabal, Nozito, Pertusa, Rasal, and Uesca (Southern Aragonese). Users: 25,600 (Reyes et al 2017), all users. L1 users: 8,430 (Reyes et al 2017). No monolinguals (2017). Ethnic population: 1,550,000 (2019 census). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Altoaragonés, Aragoieraz, Aragonais, Aragonès, Fabla, Fabla Aragonesa, High Aragonese, Navarroaragonés, Patués Autonym: Aragonés Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Western, Pyrenean-Mozarabic, Pyrenean

Armenian, Western hyw

Users: 12,100 in Spain (2020 census). , based on nationality. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Armenian

Asturian ast

Asturias, Castille and Leon autonomous communities. Users: 550,000 in Spain, all users. L1 users: 100,000 in Spain (Salminen 2007). 50,000 in Central Asturian, 30,000 in Western Asturian, 20,000 in Eastern Asturian. L2 users: 450,000 (1994 F. Botas). Ethnic population: 550,000 (1996). Total users in all countries: 560,000 (as L1: 110,000; as L2: 450,000). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Astur-Leonese, Asturian-Leonese, Asturleonese Autonym: Asturianu Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Western, Gallo-Iberian, Ibero-Romance, West Iberian, Asturo-Leonese

Basque eus

País Vasco autonomous community: Alava, Bizkaia, and Gipuzkoa provinces; Navarra autonomous region. Users: 464,000 in Spain (European Commission 2012). Ethnic population: 2,000,000 residents of 3 provinces of Basque territory; 25% born outside territory, 40% in territory born to Basque parents. 4,400,000 in Spain have Basque surname; 19% live in Basque country. Total users in all countries: 563,860. Status: 2 (Provincial). Statutory provincial language in Basque Country Autonomous Community (1979, Basque Country Autonomous Community Act 3, 1979, Article 6.1). Alternate Names: Euska, Euskera, Euskerie, “Vascuense” (pej.) Autonym: Euskara Classification: Language isolate

Belarusian bel

Users: 5,660 in Spain (2020 census). , based on nationality. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Balto-Slavic, Slavic, East

Bengali ben

Users: 19,800 in Spain (2020 census). , based on nationality. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Outer Languages, Eastern, Bengali-Assamese

Bosnian bos

Users: 1,190 in Spain (2020 census). , based on nationality. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Balto-Slavic, Slavic, South, Western

Bulgarian bul

Users: 117,000 in Spain (2020 census). , based on nationality. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Balto-Slavic, Slavic, South, Eastern

Caló rmq

Scattered. Users: 40,000 in Spain. Total users in all countries: 460,000. Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Caló Romani, Gitano, Hispanoromani, Iberian Romani, Romanó Autonym: Caló Classification: Mixed language, Iberian-Romani

Catalan cat

Aragon, Balearic Islands, Catalonia, and Valencia autonomous communities; Murcia autonomous community: Carche region. Users: 8,810,000 in Spain, all users. L1 users: 3,710,000 in Spain (European Commission 2012). L2 users: 5,100,000 (European Commission 2012). Total users in all countries: 9,241,310 (as L1: 4,141,310; as L2: 5,100,000). Status: 2 (Provincial). Statutory provincial language in Catalonia Autonomous Community (1979, Autonomy Act, No. 4, Article 3(2,5)). Statutory provincial language in Valencia Autonomous Community (1982, Autonomy Act, No. 9, Article 7), called Valencian in local laws. Statutory provincial language in Aragon Autonomous Community (1982, Autonomy Act, No. 8, Article 7), called LAPAO (Eastern Aragonese) in local laws. Statutory provincial language in Balearic Islands (1983, Statute of Autonomy of the Balearic Islands, No. 2, Article 3(3)). Alternate Names: Catalan-Valencian-Balear, Catalonian, Catalán, Valencian Autonym: Català Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Western, Gallo-Iberian, Ibero-Romance, East Iberian

Catalan Sign Language csc

Scattered in Catalonia. Users: 25,000 (Jarque et al 2019), all users. Estimate for deaf and hearing cited from 2010 Federació de Persones Sordes de Catalunya. L1 users: 12,000 (Jarque et al 2019). Estimate cited from 2010 Federació de Persones Sordes de Catalunya. Total deaf sign signers for all three sign languages in Spain: 60,000–80,000 (2000 Instituto Nacional de Estadística), 100,000 (2019 EUD). Status: 6b (Threatened). Provincially recognized language in Catalonia Autonomous Community (2006, Basic Law No. 6 of 19 July). Provincially recognized language in Balearic Islands Autonomous Community (1985, Autonomy Act, No. 2, 1985, Article 3(2)). Provincially recognized language in Catalonia Autonomous Community (2010, Law 17/2010, DOGC 5647, 10-6-2010). Recognized language (2007, Law 27/2007, Official language of the Deaf Community). Alternate Names: CSL, Catalonian Sign Language, LSC, Lengua de Señas Catalana, Lengua de Signos Catalana, Llengua de Signes Catalana, Llenguatge de signes Classification: Sign language, Deaf community sign language

Chinese zho

Users: 229,000 in Spain (2020 census). , based on nationality. Status: Unestablished.

Croatian hrv

Users: 2,840 in Spain (2020 census). , based on nationality. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Balto-Slavic, Slavic, South, Western

Czech ces

Users: 6,950 in Spain (2020 census). , based on nationality. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Balto-Slavic, Slavic, West, Czech-Slovak

Danish dan

Users: 8,860 in Spain (2020 census). , based on nationality. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Germanic, North, East Scandinavian, Danish-Swedish, Danish-Riksmal, Danish

Dutch nld

Users: 64,600 in Spain (2020 census). , based on nationality. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Germanic, West, Low Saxon-Low Franconian, Low Franconian

English eng

Users: 10,825,000 in Spain, all users. L1 users: 425,000 in Spain (2020 census). , based on nationality. L2 users: 10,400,000 (European Commission 2012). Status: 4 (Educational). Alternate Names: Inglés Classification: Indo-European, Germanic, West, English

Erromintxela emx

Scattered in País Vasco autonomous community. Users: 500 in Spain (2009 J. McLaughlin). Status: 8a (Moribund). Alternate Names: Basque Caló, Basque Romani, Caló Vasco, Errominchela Classification: Mixed language, Basque-Romani

Estonian, Standard ekk

Users: 2,720 in Spain (2020 census). , based on nationality. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Uralic, Finnic

Extremaduran ext

Castille and Leon autonomous community: southwest Salamanca province; Extremadura autonomous community: northwest Caceres province. Users: 200,000 in Spain. 500,000 able to use it, including some monolinguals (1994 T. Erickson). Most use northern dialect. Ethnic population: 1,100,000 (1994). Total users in all countries: 201,500. Status: 7 (Shifting). Alternate Names: Barranquian, Cahtúo, Cahtúö, Extremeño Autonym: Barranquênhu, Ehtremeñu Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Western, Gallo-Iberian, Ibero-Romance, West Iberian, Castilian

Fala fax

Extremadura autonomous community: Cáceres province, Sierra de Gata region, As Ellas, San Martín de Trebellu, and Valverdi du Fresnu towns, in Val de Xálima (Val du riu Ellas), an isolated valley on the Portugal border. Users: 8,600 (2018 census). 3,600 live in the language area (2018 census); 5,000 outside, many of whom return each summer (2016 J. Pearson). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: A Fala de Xálima, A Fala do Xãlima, Galaico-Extremaduran Autonym: Fala, Nosa Fala Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Western, Gallo-Iberian, Ibero-Romance, West Iberian, Portuguese-Galician

Finnish fin

Users: 11,100 in Spain (2020 census). , based on nationality. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Uralic, Finnic

French fra

Scattered. Users: 2,253,000 in Spain, all users. L1 users: 253,000 in Spain (2020 census). , based on nationality. L2 users: 2,000,000 (2019). Status: 5* (Dispersed). Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Western, Gallo-Iberian, Gallo-Romance, Gallo-Rhaetian, Oïl, French

Galician glg

Castille and Leon autonomous community: western Leon and Zamora provinces; western Asturias and Galicia autonomous communities. Users: 2,320,000 in Spain (European Commission 2012). Total users in all countries: 3,127,900. Status: 2 (Provincial). Statutory provincial language in Galicia Autonomous Community (1981, Autonomy Statute, Act 1 of 6 April, Article 5). Alternate Names: Gallego Autonym: Galego Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Western, Gallo-Iberian, Ibero-Romance, West Iberian, Portuguese-Galician

Gascon, Aranese oci

Catalonia autonomous region: Aran valley, northwest corner, Garona river headwaters, Pyrenees mountains. Users: 3,810 in Spain (1991 census). Spoken by most of the 4,800 living in the Aran Valley in the Pyrenees (Salminen 2007). Ethnic population: 5,550 (1991). Status: 6b (Threatened). Provincially recognized language in Catalonia (2010, Occitan Act, Autonomous Community of Catalonia Parliament, 22 September), Aranese in local laws. Alternate Names: Aranese, Aranés, Aranés Occitán, Arnais, Gascón Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Western, Gallo-Iberian, Ibero-Romance, Oc

Georgian kat

Users: 20,400 in Spain (2020 census). , based on nationality. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Kartvelian, Georgian

German, Standard deu

Users: 639,000 in Spain, all users. L1 users: 116,000 in Spain (2020 census). , based on nationality. L2 users: 523,000 (2019 Eurostat). Status: 5* (Dispersed). Alternate Names: Alemán, Deutsch Classification: Indo-European, Germanic, West, High German, German, Middle German, East Middle German

Greek ell

Users: 5,100 in Spain (2020 census). , based on nationality. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Greek, Attic

Hungarian hun

Users: 10,600 in Spain (2020 census). , based on nationality. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Uralic

Icelandic isl

Users: 1,430 in Spain (2020 census). , based on nationality. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Germanic, North, West Scandinavian

Indonesian ind

Users: 1,970 in Spain (2020 census). , based on nationality. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Malayo-Chamic, Malayic, Malay

Italian ita

Users: 256,000 in Spain (2020 census). , based on nationality. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Italo-Dalmatian

Japanese jpn

Users: 6,160 in Spain (2020 census). , based on nationality. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Japonic

Kabuverdianu kea

Users: 3,100 in Spain (2015 Instituto de Apoio ao Emigrante). Status: Unestablished. Classification: Creole, Portuguese based

Kazakh kaz

Users: 2,900 in Spain (2020 census). , based on nationality. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Turkic, Western, Aralo-Caspian

Korean kor

Users: 4,160 in Spain (2020 census). , based on nationality. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Koreanic

Kurdish, Northern kmr

Users: 1,320 in Spain (2020 census). , based on nationality. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Kurdish

Latvian, Standard lvs

Users: 5,040 in Spain (2020 census). , based on nationality. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Balto-Slavic, Baltic, Eastern

Lithuanian lit

Users: 15,800 in Spain (2020 census). , based on nationality. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Balto-Slavic, Baltic, Eastern

Nepali npi

Users: 5,480 in Spain (2020 census). , based on nationality. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Intermediate Divisions, Eastern, Eastern Pahari

Polish pol

Users: 51,800 in Spain (2020 census). , based on nationality. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Balto-Slavic, Slavic, West, Lechitic

Portuguese por

Castille and Leon autonomous community, Extremadura autonomous community. Users: 197,000 in Spain (2020 census). , based on nationality. Status: 5* (Dispersed). Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Western, Gallo-Iberian, Ibero-Romance, West Iberian, Portuguese-Galician

Punjabi, Western pnb

Users: 29,700 in Spain (2020 census). , based on nationality. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Intermediate Divisions, Western, Panjabi, Western Panjabi

Quinqui quq

Scattered throughout the north. Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Mercheros Classification: Unclassified

Romani, Vlax rmy

Users: 1,000 in Spain (2000). Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Intermediate Divisions, Western, Romani, Vlax

Romanian ron

Users: 657,000 in Spain (2020 census). , based on nationality. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Eastern

Russian rus

Users: 78,900 in Spain (2020 census). , based on nationality. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Balto-Slavic, Slavic, East

Serbian srp

Users: 3,800 in Spain (2020 census). , based on nationality. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Balto-Slavic, Slavic, South, Western

Slovak slk

Users: 5,760 in Spain (2020 census). , based on nationality. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Balto-Slavic, Slavic, West, Czech-Slovak

Slovene slv

Users: 1,700 in Spain (2020 census). , based on nationality. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Balto-Slavic, Slavic, South, Western

Spanish spa

Widespread. Users: 46,490,000 in Spain, all users. L1 users: 41,900,000 in Spain (2019). L2 users: 4,590,000 (2019). Total users in all countries: 542,863,810 (as L1: 471,366,670; as L2: 71,497,140). Status: 1 (National). Statutory national language (1978, Constitution, Article 3(1)), recognized statutory language in all autonomous cities and communities under various local laws. Alternate Names: Castilian Autonym: Castellano, Español Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Western, Gallo-Iberian, Ibero-Romance, West Iberian, Castilian

Spanish Sign Language ssp

Scattered, except in Catalonia and Valencia autonomous communities. Users: 60,000 (2019). Deaf sign language users, total for all three sign languages in Spain: 60,000–80,000 (2000 Instituto Nacional de Estadística), 100,000 (2019 EUD). Based on these numbers and proportions of total population in various regions in Spain, estimated 45,000–75,000 for LSE. Status: 6b (Threatened). Recognized language (2007, Law 27/2007, Official language of deaf community). Alternate Names: LSE, Lengua de Señas Española, Lengua de Signos Española, Mímica Classification: Sign language, Deaf community sign language

Swedish swe

Users: 19,900 in Spain (2020 census). , based on nationality. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Germanic, North, East Scandinavian, Danish-Swedish, Swedish

Tagalog tgl

Users: 37,200 in Spain (2020 census). , based on nationality. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Central Philippine, Central Philippine, Tagalog

Thai tha

Users: 2,220 in Spain (2020 census). , based on nationality. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Kra-Dai, Kam-Tai, Tai, Southwestern

Turkish tur

Users: 4,760 in Spain (2020 census). , based on nationality. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Turkic, Southern, Turkish

Ukrainian ukr

Users: 111,000 in Spain (2020 census). , based on nationality. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Balto-Slavic, Slavic, East

Urdu urd

Users: 64,300 in Spain (2020 census). , based on nationality. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Western Hindi, Hindustani

Valencian Sign Language vsv

Scattered in Valencia. Users: 6,000 (2014). Deaf sign language users, total for all three sign languages in Spain: 60,000–80,000 (2000 Instituto Nacional de Estadística), 100,000 (2019 EUD). Based on these numbers and proportions of total population in various regions in Spain, estimated 6,000–10,000 for LSV. Status: 6b (Threatened). Provincially recognized language in Valencia (2006, Law 1-2006, Autonomy Statute of Valencia, Article 13(4)). Alternate Names: LSCV, LSPV, LSV, Lengua de Signos Valenciana, Llengua de Signes Valenciana, Llengua de Signes en la Comunitat Valenciana, Llengua de signes del País Valencià Classification: Sign language, Deaf community sign language

Vietnamese vie

Users: 2,350 in Spain (2020 census). , based on nationality. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Austro-Asiatic, Mon-Khmer, Viet-Muong, Vietnamese