Democratic Republic of the Congo

Languages

Alur alz

Ituri province: Mahagi territory, northwest to Djalasiga area. Users: 750,000 in Democratic Republic of the Congo (Johnstone and Mandryk 2001). Total users in all countries: 1,735,000. Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Aloro, Alua, Alulu, DhuAlur, Dhʉ Alur, Jo Alur, Lur, Luri Autonym: Dho Alur Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Satellite-Core, Core, Eastern Sudanic, Southern (n languages), Nilotic, Western, Luo, Southern, Luo-Acholi, Alur-Acholi, Alur

Amba rwm

Nord-Kivu province: Uganda border area south of Lake Albert, northern Ruwenzori foothills. Users: 4,500 in Democratic Republic of the Congo (1991 SIL). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Hambo, Humu, KiHumu, Kuamba, Kwamba, Ruwenzori Kibira, Rwamba Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, D, Lega-Holoholo (D.22)

Asoa asv

Haut-Uele province: Rungu territory, Ituri forest. Users: 25,500 (2000). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Asua, Asuae, Asuati, “Aka” (pej.) Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Satellite-Core, Satellites, Central Sudanic, East, Mangbetu

Aushi auh

Haut-Katanga province: east of Lubumbashi. Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Avaushi, Baoussi, Ikyaushi, Ushi, Usi, Uzhili, Vouaousi Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, M, Bemba (M.402)

Avokaya avu

Haut-Uele province: Faradje territory, near Sudan border. Users: 25,000 in Democratic Republic of the Congo (1989 SIL). 2,000 Ojila, 10,000 Northern Ogambi. Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Abukeia, Avukaya Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Satellite-Core, Satellites, Central Sudanic, East, Moru-Madi, Central

Babango bbm

Tshopo province: Basoko territory; some in Mongala province. Users: 2,550 (2000). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Bango, Mobango, Southwest Bwa Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, C, Ngombe (C.441)

Baka bdh

Haut-Uele province: Garamba National Park to Sudan border. Users: 1,300 in Democratic Republic of the Congo (1993 UBS). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Tara Baaka Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Satellite-Core, Satellites, Central Sudanic, West, Bongo-Bagirmi, Bongo-Baka, Baka

Bali bcp

Tshopo province: Bafwasende territory; Tshopo river south to Ituri river north, and Ituri river north bank. Users: 42,000 (1987 UBS). 2,100 monolinguals. Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Baali, Dhibali, Kibaali, Kibala, Kibali, Libaali, Southeast Bwa Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, D, Lega-Holoholo (D.21)

Baloi biz

Equateur province: south, west, and east of Bomongo. Users: 20,000 (2002). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Baato Baloi, Boloi, Loi, Loi-Likila, Rebu Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, C, Bangi-Ntomba (C.31)

Bamwe bmg

Sud-Ubangi province: Kungu territory, Mwanda collectivité, Ngiri river upper reaches Bomole, Botunia, Libobi, Lifunga, Likata, Lokutu, Mondongo, and Moniongo villages between Limpoko and Sombe villages. Users: 20,000 (1983 census). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, C, Ngombe (C.412)

Banda, Mid-Southern bjo

Nord-Ubangi province: Bosobolo territory, north of Dubulu; Mobaye-Mbongo territory. Users: 2,000 in Democratic Republic of the Congo (1986 SIL). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Ubangi, Banda, Central, Central Core, Mid-Southern

Banda, South Central lnl

Nord-Ubangi province. Users: 3,000 in Democratic Republic of the Congo. Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Ubangi, Banda, South Central

Banda, Togbo-Vara tor

Nord-Ubangi province: Bosobolo territory, Badja and Baya towns, Bandema and Vongba II village areas to Gwara II. Users: 12,000 in Democratic Republic of the Congo (1984 census). Total users in all countries: 24,000. Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Ubangi, Banda, Central, Central Core, Togbo-Vara

Bangala bxg

Bas-Uele, Haut-Uele, Ituri, and Tshopo provinces. Users: 3,500,000, all users. L1 users: Few L1 speakers. L2 users: 3,500,000 (1991 UBS). Status: 3 (Wider communication). Used as an LWC in Aru, Dungu, Faradje, and Watsa territories by all ethnic groups as a preferred market language. Alternate Names: Ngala Autonym: Bangala Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, C, Bangi-Ntomba (C.30)

Bangba bbe

Haut-Uele province: Niangara territory, Kopa collectivité; Watsa territory, Tora area. Users: 11,000 (1993 SIL). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Abangba Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Ubangi, Sere-Ngbaka-Mba, Ngbaka-Mba, Ngbaka, Eastern, Mayogo-Bangba

Bangi bni

Equateur province: from Bolobo to Mbandaka. Users: 50,900 in Democratic Republic of the Congo (2000). Total users in all countries: 164,340. Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Bobangi, Bubangi, Dzamba, Lobobangi, Rebu, Zamba Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, C, Bangi-Ntomba (C.32)

Bangubangu bnx

Maniema province: Kabambare territory; Sud-Kivu and Tanganyika provinces. Users: 246,000 (Tshonda 2011). , including 85,000 Bangubangu, 30,000 Mikebwe, 20,000 Kasenga, 32,000 Nonda, and 4,000 Hombo (Tshonda 2011). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Bangobango, Kibangobango, Kibangubangu Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, D, Lega-Holoholo (D.27)

Barambu brm

Bas-Uele province: Poko territory, between Bomokandi and Uélé rivers. Users: 25,600 (1990 census). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Abarambo, Amiangba, Amiangbwa, Balambu, Barambo, Duga Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Ubangi, Zande, Barambo-Pambia

Beeke bkf

Ituri province: Mambasa territory, Bandaka and Bombo collectivités, 1 village in each. Users: 1,000 (1994 SIL). Status: 8a (Moribund). Alternate Names: Babeeke, Beke, Ibeeke Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, D, Bira-Nyali (D.335)

Bemba bem

Haut-Katanga province: east. Users: 300,000 in Democratic Republic of the Congo (2000). Status: 5* (Dispersed). Alternate Names: Chibemba, Chiwemba, Ichibemba, IciBemba, Wemba Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, M, Bemba (M.42)

Bembe bmb

Maniema province; Sud-Kivu province: Fizi territory, west of Lake Tanganyika. Users: 252,000 in Democratic Republic of the Congo (1991 UBS). Total users in all countries: 274,000. Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Beembe, Ebeembe, Ibembe Autonym: Ebembe Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, D, Bembe-Buyi (D.54)

Bendi bct

Ituri province: Djugu territory, between Bunia and Djalasiga. Users: 32,000 (1991 SIL). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Mabendi, Mabeni Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Satellite-Core, Satellites, Central Sudanic, East, Mangbutu-Efe

Bhele bhy

Ituri province: several enclaves; Nord-Kivu province: Lubero territory, west of Butembo. Munjoa (Southern Bhele dialect). Users: 15,000 (1989). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Bili, Ebhele, Ipere, Kipere, Kipili, Pere, Peri, Pili, Piri Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, D, Bira-Nyali (D.31)

Bila bip

Ituri province: Irumu territory; Nord-Kivu province: northwest of Beni. Users: 40,000 (1993 SIL). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Ebila, Forest Bira, KiBila, Western Bila Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, D, Bira-Nyali (D.311)

Binji bpj

Kasai-Central province: Kazumba territory; Sankuru province. Users: 165,000 (2000). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Bindji, Mbagani Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, L, Songe (L.231)

Bira brf

Ituri province: Irumu territory. Users: 120,000 (1992 SIL). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Bera, Plains Bira, Sese, Sumbura, WaBira Autonym: Kibira Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, D, Bira-Nyali (D.32)

Boguru bqu

Haut-Uele province: Dungu territory, west of Garamba National Park. Status: 8b (Nearly extinct). Alternate Names: Buguru, Guru, Kinsong, Kogoro, Koguru Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, D, Bira-Nyali (D.302)

Boko bkp

Equateur province: Congo river upstream from Mbandaka. Users: 21,000. Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Iboko Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, C, Ngondi (C.16)

Bolia bli

Equateur province: southeast of Lake Tumba; Mai-Ndombe province: north of Lake Mai-Ndombe. Users: 100,000 (2000). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Bokoki, Bulia Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, C, Bangi-Ntomba (C.35)

Boloki bkt

Equateur province: Congo river, upstream from Mbandaka. Users: 4,200. Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Baloki, Boleki, Buluki, River Ruki Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, C, Bangi-Ntomba (C.36)

Bolondo bzm

Sud-Ubangi province: Budjala territory on Saw river south of Budjala, Bamba village area. Users: 3,000 (1983 census). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, C, Bangi-Ntomba (C.302)

Boma boh

Kwilu province: Bagata territory; Mai-Ndombe province: Mushi territory. Users: 20,500 (2000). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Boma Kasai, Buma, Kiboma Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, B, Tiene-Yanzi (B.82)

Bomboli bml

Sud-Ubangi province: Kungu territory, Dongo collectivité, north of Bomongo on a canal flowing into Ngiri river, between Bokondo and Bodjinga villages. Users: 2,500 (1986 SIL). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Bombongo Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, C, Ngondi (C.161)

Bomboma bws

Sud-Ubangi province: Kungu territory, Bomboma collectivité between Bomboma and Bokonzi villages: Lingonda, Ebuku, Makengo, Ndzubele, Motuba villages. 7 villages. Users: 23,000 (1983 census). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Boba Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, C, Ngombe (C.411)

Bozaba bzo

Sud-Ubangi province: Kungu territory, Mwanda collectivité, northwest of Ngiri and Mwanda rivers confluence. Users: 5,500 (1983 census). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Budzaba, Buzaba Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, C, Ngondi (C.162)

Budu buu

Haut-Uele province: Wamba territory, 8 collectivités. Users: 180,000 (1991 SIL). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Bodo, Budu-Koya, Ebudu, Kibudu, Ɨbʉdhʉ Autonym: ɨɓʉdʉ Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, D, Bira-Nyali (D.332)

Budza bja

Mongala province: Bumba territory and parts of Bongandanga territory; northwest Tshopo province. Users: 226,000 (1985 census). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Budja, Buja, Ebuja, Embudja, Limbudza, Mbudja Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, C, Bangi-Ntomba (C.37)

Buraka bkg

Nord-Ubangi province: Ubangi river area; north and northeast of Bosobolo. Users: 1,300 in Democratic Republic of the Congo. Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Boraka, Bouraka Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Ubangi, Sere-Ngbaka-Mba, Ngbaka-Mba, Ngbaka, Western, Gbanzili

Bushoong buf

Kasai province: north Ilebo and Mweka territories. Users: 155,000 (2000). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Bakuba, Bamongo, Bukuba, Bushona, Bushong, Bushonga, Bushongo, Busoong, Ganga, Kuba, Mbale, Mongo, Shongo Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, C, Bushoong (C.83)

Buyu byi

Maniema, Sud-Kivu, and Tanganyika provinces: Lake Tanganyika area. Users: 63,200 (2019 M. Kate-ke-sombe), all users. 63 villages. L1 users: 10,000 (2002). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Bujwe, Buyi, Kibuyu Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, D, Bembe-Buyi (D.55)

Bwa bww

Bas-Uele province: Aketi, Bambesa, Bondo, and Buta territories; Tshopo province: Banalia territory; Nord-Ubangi province: northeastern, on Ubangi river, Buta is center; Bas-Uele province: Aketi and Bondo territories (Benge and Bati dialects), Tshopo province: Banalia territory (Kiba dialect). Users: 200,000 (1994 SIL). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Boa, Boua, Bua, Kibua, Kibwa, Libenge, Libua, Libwali, Ɓoa, ɓʉwa Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, C, Ngombe (C.44)

Bwela bwl

Tshopo province. Users: 8,400 (2002). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Buela, Doko, Lingi Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, C, Ngombe (C.42)

Bwile bwc

Haut-Katanga province: Pweto area north end of Lake Mweru. Users: 12,400 in Democratic Republic of the Congo (2002). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, M, Bemba (M.401)

Chokwe cjk

East Kwango, south Kasai, and Lualaba provinces: near Angola border. Users: 504,000 in Democratic Republic of the Congo (1990 UBS). Status: 5* (Dispersed). Alternate Names: Ciokwe, Cokwe, Djok, Imo, Shioko, Tchokwé, Tschiokwe, Tshokwe Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, K, Ciokwe-Luchazi (K.11)

Dengese dez

Kasai province: Dekese territory. Users: 8,600 (2000). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Ileo, Lengese, Ndengese, Nkutu Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, C, Bushoong (C.81)

Ding diz

Kwilu province: Idiofa territory, on Kasaï river. Users: 155,000 (2002). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Di, Din, Dinga, Dzing, Idiŋ, Idzing, Kedeŋ-Lesye, Kindinga Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, B, Tiene-Yanzi (B.86)

Dongo doo

Haut-Uele province: east of Watsa. Users: 12,900 (2000). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Donga, Dongo Ko Autonym: Dhɔ̀ngɔ̀kɔ́ Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Ubangi, Sere-Ngbaka-Mba, Ngbaka-Mba, Mba

Dzando dzn

Sud-Ubangi province: Kungu territory, Mwanda collectivité, Lokay, Maboko, Moliba, and Molunga villages between Ngiri and Mwanda rivers. Users: 6,000 (1983 census). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, C, Ngombe (C.413)

Efe efe

Haut-Uele province: Watsa territory; Ituri province: Djugu, Irumu, and Mambasa territories; Nord-Kivu province: enclave north of Beni. Users: 20,000 (1991 SIL). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Satellite-Core, Satellites, Central Sudanic, East, Mangbutu-Efe

Enya gey

Tshopo province: Ubundu territory, Lualaba river from Kisangani upriver to Kongolo. Users: 15,000 (2000). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Ena, Genya, Tsheenya Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, D, Mbole-Enya (D.14)

Foma fom

Tshopo province: Congo river north side, upstream from Basoko. Users: 13,000 (2002). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Fuma, Lifoma, Pseudo-Bambole Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, C, Soko-Kele (C.56)

French fra

Users: 15,500,000 in Democratic Republic of the Congo (2021 A. Dusséaux), L2 users. Status: 1 (National). Statutory national language (2006, Constitution, Article 1). Alternate Names: Français Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Western, Gallo-Iberian, Gallo-Romance, Gallo-Rhaetian, Oïl, French

Fuliiru flr

Sud-Kivu province: Uvira territory, north and northwest of Uvira. Users: 400,000 (2012 SIL). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Fulero, Fuliiro, Fuliru, Kifulero Autonym: Kifuliiru Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, J, Ruanda-Rundi (D.63)

Furu fuu

Nord-Ubangi province: Bosobolo and Mobaye territories, east of Bosobolo. Users: 12,000 in Democratic Republic of the Congo (1984 census). Total users in all countries: 16,000. Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Bagero, Bagiro, Baguero, Baguiro, Fulu Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Satellite-Core, Satellites, Central Sudanic, West, Bongo-Bagirmi, Kara

Gbanziri gbg

Nord-Ubangi province: Bosobolo territory, along Ubangi river. Users: 3,000 in Democratic Republic of the Congo (1986 SIL). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Banziri, Gbandere, Gbanzili Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Ubangi, Sere-Ngbaka-Mba, Ngbaka-Mba, Ngbaka, Western, Gbanzili

Gilima gix

Sud-Ubangi province: north Libenge territory in 3 groups: Bandi southwest, Bogon north, and Mbanza-Balakpa southeast. Users: 12,000 (1984 census). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Ubangi, Sere-Ngbaka-Mba, Ngbaka-Mba, Ngbaka, Western, Bwaka

Gobu gox

Nord-Ubangi province: Bosobolo territory: between Borunu and Duguru on Sidi road, and Pandu area between Bele II and Denbili villages. Users: 12,000 in Democratic Republic of the Congo (1984 census). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Gabou, Gabu, Gubu, Ngobo, Ngobu Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Ubangi, Banda, Central, Central Core, Mid-Southern

Hamba hba

Maniema province; Sankuru province: Lodja territory. Users: 13,000 (2002). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, C, Tetela (C.71)

Havu hav

Nord-Kivu province; Sud-Kivu province: Idjwi and Kalehe territories. Users: 506,000 (2002). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Haavu, Kihavu Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, J, Shi-Hunde (D.52)

Hema nix

Ituri province: Djugu and Irumu territories. Users: 125,000 (2000). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Congo Nyoro, Hema-Sud, Kihema, Nyoro, Oruhuma, Runyoro, Southern Hema Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, J, Nyoro-Ganda (E.121)

Hemba hem

Maniema province: extreme south; Tanganyika province: east Kongolo territory. Users: 181,000 (2000). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Eastern Luba, Emba, Kiemba, Kihemba, Kiluba-Hemba, Luba-Hemba Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, L, Luba (L.34)

Holoholo hoo

Tanganyika province: northwest Kalemie area. Users: 15,500 (2002). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Guha, Horohoro, Kalanga, Kiholoholo, Kikalanga Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, D, Lega-Holoholo (D.28)

Holu hol

Kwango province: extreme southwest corner. Users: 5,100 in Democratic Republic of the Congo. Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Holo, Hongu, Kiholo, Kiholu Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, L, Pende (L.12)

Hunde hke

Nord-Kivu province: Masisi and Rutshuru territories. Users: 200,000 (1980 UBS). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Kihunde, Kobi, Rukobi Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, J, Shi-Hunde (D.51)

Hungana hum

Kwango province: Kenge territory, Kolokoso sector; Kwilu Province: Bulungu-Kikwit territory, Kilunda, Kipuka, Kwenge, Kwilu-Kimbata, Luniungu, and Nko sectors. Users: 400. Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Huana, Hungaan, Hungan, Hunganna, Kihungan, Kihungana Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, H, Mbala-Hunganna (H.42)

Iyansi yns

Kwango province; Kwilu province: Bagata, Bulungu-Kikwit, Masi-Manimba territories. Users: 100,000 (1997 S. Mufwene). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Eyansi, Eyanzi, Kiyanzi, Yans, Yansi, Yanzi Autonym: Iyansi Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, B, Tiene-Yanzi (B.85)

Joba job

Sud-Kivu province: Uvira territory, north and northwest of Uvira. Users: 10,000 (1989 SIL). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Kijoba, Kivira, Loba, Vira Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, J, Ruanda-Rundi (D.631)

Kabwari kcw

Sud-Kivu province: Fizi territory. Users: 8,400 (2002). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Bwari Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, J, Shi-Hunde (D.56)

Kaiku kkq

Ituri province: Mambasa territory, Babombi collectivité; Nord-Kivu province: northern border. Users: 13,000 (2002). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Ekaeku, Ikaiku, Kaeku, Kaiko Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, D, Bira-Nyali (D.312)

Kakwa keo

Haut-Uele province: Faradje territory; Ituri province: Aru territory, north of Aru. Users: 20,000 in Democratic Republic of the Congo. Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Bari Kakwa Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Satellite-Core, Core, Eastern Sudanic, Southern (n languages), Nilotic, Eastern, Bari

Kaliko kbo

Ituri province: north Aru territory, along South Sudan border. Users: 7,500 in Democratic Republic of the Congo (1989 SIL). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Kaliko-Ma’di, Keliko, Ma’di, Maditi Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Satellite-Core, Satellites, Central Sudanic, East, Moru-Madi, Central

Kango kty

Bas-Uele province: Uélé river banks and tributaries. Users: 5,900 (2002). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Likango Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, C, Ngombe (C.403)

Kango kzy

Tshopo province: Bafwasende territory, Bakundumu and Bemili collectivités. Users: 2,000 (1998 T. Harvey). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Dikango, Kango Pygmy, Kikango, Likango, “Dibatchua” (pej.), “Kibatchua” (pej.) Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, D, Lega-Holoholo (D.211)

Kanu khx

Nord-Kivu province: Walikale territory, Kabunga area; some in Sud-Kivu province. Users: 3,500 (Welmers 1971a). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Kaanu, Kano, Likanu Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, D, Lega-Holoholo (D.251)

Kanyok kny

Lomami province: Mwene-Ditu territory, between Bushimaie and Luembe rivers. Users: 200,000 (1991 UBS). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Kanioka, Kanyoka Autonym: Kanyok Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, L, Luba (L.32)

Kaonde kqn

Haut-Katanga province: west; Lualaba province: east Kolwezi territory. Users: 36,000 in Democratic Republic of the Congo (1995). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Chikahonde, Chikaonde, Kahonde, Kawonde, kiiKaonde Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, L, Kaonde (L.41)

Kari kbj

North Bas-Uele province: scattered north of Uele river. Users: 1,000. May be nearly extinct (Dimmendaal and Voeltz 2007). Status: 8b (Nearly extinct). Alternate Names: Kare, Li-Kari-Li Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, D, Bira-Nyali (D.301)

Kela kel

Sankuru province: Lomela territory. Users: 180,000 (1972 D. Barrett et al.). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Ikela, Lemba, Okela Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, C, Tetela (C.75)

Kele khy

Tshopo province: Isangi territory, on Lomami and Congo rivers. Users: 160,000 (1980 UBS). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Ekele, Kili, Likelo, Lokele, Yakusu Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, C, Soko-Kele (C.55)

Kete kcv

Kasai-Central province: northeast of Mweka; Lomami province: south. Users: 8,400 (2002). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Ciket, Kikete, Lukete, Tshikete Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, L, Songe (L.21)

Kinyarwanda kin

Nord-Kivu province: Rwanda border lakes area; Sud-Kivu province: west of Bujumbura. Users: 250,000 in Democratic Republic of the Congo (UBS). Status: 5* (Dispersed). Alternate Names: Ikinyarwanda, Ruanda, Rwanda Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, J, Ruanda-Rundi (D.61)

Kituba ktu

Kwango and Kwilu provinces. Users: 5,000,000, all users. L1 users: 4,200,000 (1990 UBS). L2 users: 800,000. Status: 2 (Provincial). Statutory provincial language in Bas-Congo, Bandundu regions (2006, Constitution, Article 1(8)). Alternate Names: Kibulamatadi, Kikongo, Kikongo Commercial, Kikongo Simplifié, Kikongo-Kituba, Kikongo-Kutuba, Kileta Autonym: Kikongo ya leta, Kituba Classification: Creole, Kongo based

Kobo okc

Nord-Kivu province: Walikale territory, 20 villages. Users: 50,000 (2014 SIL). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Ikobo Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, J, Konzo-Ndandi (D.40)

Komo kmw

Maniema province: Lubutu and Punia territories; Nord-Kivu province: Walikale; Tshopo province: Bafwasende territory, Opienge. Lubutu is center. Users: 400,000 (1998 SIL). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Kikumo, Kikumu, Kikuumu, Kumo, Kumu, Kuumu Autonym: Kikomo Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, D, Lega-Holoholo (D.23)

Kongo kon

Users: Population total all languages: 6,932,500. Status:

Kongo, San Salvador kwy

Kongo Central province: Congo river area below Kinshasa. Users: 537,000 (2000). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Congo, Iwoyo, Kikoongo, Kisikongo Autonym: Kikongo Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, H, Kikongo (H.16)

Konzo koo

Nord-Kivu province: west slope Ruwenzori Mountains. Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Konjo Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, J, Konzo-Ndandi (D.41)

Koongo kng

Kinshasa province; Kongo Central province: Mbanza Manteke area; Fioti north of Boma, and scattered along Congo River from Brazzaville to its mouth. Users: 8,000,000 in Democratic Republic of the Congo, all users. L1 users: 3,000,000 in Democratic Republic of the Congo (1982 UBS). L2 users: 5,000,000. Total users in all countries: 11,236,500 (as L1: 6,236,500; as L2: 5,000,000). Status: 4 (Educational). Alternate Names: Congo, Kikoongo, Kongo Autonym: Kikongo Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, H, Kikongo (H.16)

Kpala kpl

Nord-Ubangi province: Bosobolo territory; Sud-Ubangi territory: Libenge territory, scattered. Users: 3,000 (1986 SIL). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Gbakpwa, Kpwaala, Kwala Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Ubangi, Sere-Ngbaka-Mba, Ngbaka-Mba, Ngbaka, Western, Monzombo

Kusu ksv

Lomami province: west; Maniema province: southwest corner, Kibombo territory. Users: 100,000 (Tshonda 2011). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Fuluka, Kikusu, Kongola, Kutsu, Lokutsu Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, C, Tetela (C.72)

Kwami ktf

Maniema and Nord-Kivu provinces: between Kasese and Walikale. Users: 400. Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Kikwame, Kikwami, Kwame Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, D, Lega-Holoholo (D.251)

Kwese kws

Kwango province: Feshi territory; Kwilu province: Bulungu and Gungu territories. Users: 60,000. Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Kikwese, Kwezo, Pindi, Ukwese Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, L, Pende (L.13)

Lala-Bisa leb

Haut-Katanga province: extreme southeast corner. Status: 5* (Developing). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, M, Lala-Bisa-Lamba (M.51)

Lalia lal

Tshuapa province: Ikela territory, Loile, Lofume, Lokina, Tshwapa, and Tumbenga collectivités, Yalosaka is center. Some in Tshopo province. Users: 55,000 (1993). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, C, Mongo-Nkundo (C.62)

Lamba lam

Haut-Katanga province: southeast corner, Lubumbashi area. Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Chilamba, Ichilamba Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, M, Lala-Bisa-Lamba (M.54)

Langbashe lna

Nord-Ubangi province: Bosobolo territory, along Ubangi river, Bada, Banga, Boduna, Sidi, and Zimango villages, scattered. Users: 3,000 in Democratic Republic of the Congo (1984 census). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Langbase, Langbashi, Langbasi, Langbwasse, Langwasi Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Ubangi, Banda, South Central

Lega-Mwenga lgm

Sud-Kivu province: Mwenga territory. Users: 44,900 (2000). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Ileka Ishile, Ishile, Isile, Kilega, Kirega, Lega-Ntara, Leka-Shile, Leka-Sile, Mwenga Lega, Rega, Shile Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, D, Lega-Holoholo (D.25)

Lega-Shabunda lea

Maniema and Sud-Kivu provinces: Pangi and Shabunda territories; Nord-Kivu province: southwest. Users: 400,000 (1982 UBS). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Igonzabale, Ileka-Igonzabale, Kilega, Kirega, Lega, Lega Shubanda, Lega-Malinga, Leka-Igonzabale, Rega, Shabunda Lega Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, D, Lega-Holoholo (D.251)

Lele lel

Kasai province: west edge Ilebo and Tshikapa territories; extreme east Kwilu province. Users: 26,000 (Welmers 1971a). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Bashilele, Usilele Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, C, Bushoong (C.84)

Lendu led

Ituri province: Djugu territory, west and northwest of Lake Albert. Users: 750,000 (1996 SIL). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Bale, Baledha, Balendru, Baletha, Batha, Bbadha, Hema-Nord, Kihema-Nord, Kilendu Autonym: Bbaledha Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Satellite-Core, Satellites, Central Sudanic, East, Lendu

Lengola lej

Maniema province: Lubutu and Punia territories; Tshopo province: Ubundu territory. Lualaba river area between Opienge, Lowa, and a point called ‘Km 100’ on Kisangani-Lubutu road. Users: 100,000 (1998). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Kilengola, Lengora Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, D, Mbole-Enya (D.12)

Lese les

Haut-Uele province: Watsa territory; Ituri province: Djugu, Irumu, and Mambasa territories; Nord-Kivu province: border enclave north of Beni. Users: 50,000 (1991 SIL). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Balese, Lesa, Lesse, Lissi, Mbuti, Walese, Walisi Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Satellite-Core, Satellites, Central Sudanic, East, Mangbutu-Efe

Libinza liz

Equateur province: north Bomongo territory, Boniange and Monia villages on Mwanda and Ngiri rivers; on islands as far as Bomongo; Sud-Ubangi province: Kungu territory. Users: 10,000 (1986 SIL). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Binza, Libindja, Libinja Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, C, Bangi-Ntomba (C.321)

Ligenza lgz

Bas-Uele province: Aketi territory (Benza dialect); Mongala province: small areas in Bumba territory. Users: 43,000 (1986 SIL). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Digenja, Gendja, Gendza-Bali, Ligendza Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, C, Ngombe (C.414)

Lika lik

Haut-Uele province: Rungu territory, Mongomasi collectivité; Wamba territory, Balika-Toriko collectivité. Users: 60,000 (1989 SIL). 57,000 in Wamba Territory, 3,000 in Rungu Territory. Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Kilika, Kpongo, Liko, Mabiti, Maliko, Toriko Autonym: Liliko Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, D, Lega-Holoholo (D.201)

Likila lie

Equateur province: Makanza town area, Congo river north bank. Users: 8,400 (2002). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Balobo, Bangela Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, C, Bangi-Ntomba (C.31)

Lingala lin

Widespread in Bas-Uele, Equateur, Haut-Uele, Kinshasa, Mai-Ndombe, Mongala, Nord-Ubangi, Orientale, Sud-Ubangi, and Tshopo provinces. Users: 40,000,000 in Democratic Republic of the Congo, all users. L1 users: 20,000,000 in Democratic Republic of the Congo (2021 M. Meeuwis). L2 users: 20,000,000 (2021 M. Meeuwis). Total users in all countries: 40,252,520 (as L1: 20,252,520; as L2: 20,000,000). Status: 2 (Provincial). Statutory provincial language in northwestern regions (2006, Constitution, Article 1(8)). Developed as a trade language around 1900 about halfway between Kinshasa and Kisangani. It then spread along the river, ultimately becoming entrenched in Kinshasa, where it has become the L1 of most people. Alternate Names: Ngala Autonym: Lingala Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, C, Bangi-Ntomba (C.30)

Lobala loq

Equateur province: Bomongo territory, Dongo northeast road to Mokusi village; Dongo road south following Ubangi river, and forest south and west; Sud-Ubangi province: Kungu territory. Users: 60,000 (2000 D. Morgan). Very few monolinguals. Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Autonym: Loɓala Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, C, Ngondi (C.16)

Logo log

Haut-Uele province: Faradje territory, and Watsa town. Users: 210,000 (1989 SIL). 100,000 Ogambi. Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Logoti Autonym: Lògòti Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Satellite-Core, Satellites, Central Sudanic, East, Moru-Madi, Central

Lombi lmi

Nord-Kivu province: northwest; Tshopo province: Bafwasende territory, Barumi and Bekeni collectivités, Bangolu, Banguruye, and Opienge areas. Users: 12,000 (1993 SIL). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Lumbi, Odyalombito, Rombi, Rumbi, Rumli Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Satellite-Core, Satellites, Central Sudanic, East, Mangbetu

Lombo loo

Tshopo province: Isangi area, both sides of Congo river. Users: 10,000 (Welmers 1971a). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Olombo, Turumbu, Ulumbu Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, C, Soko-Kele (C.54)

Lonzo lnz

Kwango province: Kenge territory. Users: 300. Status: 6b* (Threatened). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, H, Yaka (H.31)

Luba-Kasai lua

Kasai-Oriental; Kasai province: southeastern third; Sankuru province. Users: 7,000,000 in Democratic Republic of the Congo, all users. L1 users: 6,300,000 in Democratic Republic of the Congo (1991 UBS). L2 users: 700,000. Total users in all countries: 7,060,000 (as L1: 6,360,000; as L2: 700,000). Status: 2 (Provincial). Statutory provincial language in Kasai Region (2006, Constitution, Article 1(8)). Alternate Names: Bena-Lulua, Ciluba, Luba-Lulua, Luva, Western Luba Autonym: Tshiluba Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, L, Luba (L.31)

Luba-Katanga lub

Haut-Lomami province; Sankuru province: southeast. Users: 1,510,000 (1991 UBS). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Luba, Luba-Shaba Autonym: Kiluba Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, L, Luba (L.33)

Lugbara lgg

Ituri province: Aru territory, 6 collectivités. Users: 840,000 in Democratic Republic of the Congo (Johnstone and Mandryk 2001). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: High Lugbara, Lugbarati, Lʉgbara tɨ Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Satellite-Core, Satellites, Central Sudanic, East, Moru-Madi, Central

Luna luj

Sankuru province: Lusambo territory. Users: 50,000. Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Inkongo, Kuba, Luna-Inkongo, Northern Luba Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, L, Songe (L.24)

Lunda lun

Kwango province: southeast, Kahemba territory; Lualaba province. Status: 5* (Dispersed). Alternate Names: chiLunda Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, L, Lunda (L.52)

Lusengo lse

Equateur province: Makanza territory; Mongala province: Bumba and Lisala territories, Congo river area. Users: 42,000 (2002). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Losengo Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, C, Bangi-Ntomba (C.36)

Lwalu lwa

Kasai-Central province: Luiza territory. Users: 21,000 in Democratic Republic of the Congo (Welmers 1971a). Total users in all countries: 41,000. Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Lwalwa Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, L, Songe (L.221)

Ma msj

Haut-Uele province: north of Niangara, near Kapili river. Users: 4,700 (Voegelin and Voegelin 1977). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Amadi, Madi, Madyo Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Ubangi, Sere-Ngbaka-Mba, Ngbaka-Mba, Mba

Mabaale mmz

Equateur province: Ngiri river area. Users: 42,000 (2002). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Lomabaale, Mabale, Mbali Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, C, Bangi-Ntomba (C.311)

Mamvu mdi

Haut-Uele province: Watsa territory, west and southwest of Watsa. Users: 60,000 (1991 SIL). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Autonym: Tengo Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Satellite-Core, Satellites, Central Sudanic, East, Mangbutu-Efe

Mangbetu mdj

Bas-Uele province: Poko territory; Haut-Uele province: Niangara, Rungu, Wamba, and Watsa territories; Tshopo province: northeast corner of Banalia territory. Haut-Uele province: Wamba territory (Aberu dialect); Tshopo province: Banalia territory (Popoi dialect). Users: 620,000. Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Amangbetu, Kingbetu, Mambetto, Mangbɛtʉ, Mangbettu, Mangbέtʉ, Nemangbetu Autonym: Nɛ́mangbɛtʉ Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Satellite-Core, Satellites, Central Sudanic, East, Mangbetu

Mangbutu mdk

Haut-Uele province: Watsa territory, south of Kibali river and east of Moto river. Users: 15,000 (1991 SIL). 1,200 Andinai. Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Mangu-Ngutu, Mombuttu, Wambutu Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Satellite-Core, Satellites, Central Sudanic, East, Mangbutu-Efe

Mayeka myc

Nord-Ubangi province: border area with Central African Republic, Congo river vicinity. Users: 21,000 (2004). Ethnic population: 25,500 (2000). Status: 8a (Moribund). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, D, Bira-Nyali (D.307)

Mayogo mdm

Haut-Uele province: Isiro area, mostly Rungu and Wamba territories. Users: 100,000 (1991 SIL). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Kiyogo, Madyɵgɵ́, Maigo, Maiko, Majugu, Mayko, Mayugo, Màdìmádòkò Autonym: Madyɵgɵ Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Ubangi, Sere-Ngbaka-Mba, Ngbaka-Mba, Ngbaka, Eastern, Mayogo-Bangba

Mba mfc

Tshopo province: Banalia territory, Banjwade area. Users: 36,100 (2000). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Kimanga, Kimbanga, Manga, Mbane Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Ubangi, Sere-Ngbaka-Mba, Ngbaka-Mba, Mba

Mbala mdp

Kwilu province: Bulungu-Kikwit territory, Kipuka, Kwilu-Kimbata, and Luniungu sectors; Masi-Manimba territory, Bindungi, Kinzenga, Kitoy, Mokamo, Mosango, Pay-Kongila, and Sungu sectors. Users: 200,000 (Nida 1972). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Gimbala, Rumbala Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, H, Mbala-Hunganna (H.41)

Mbandja zmz

Sud-Ubangi, Nord-Ubangi, and west Mongala provinces. Users: 352,000 in Democratic Republic of the Congo (2000). Total users in all countries: 367,400. Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Mbandza, Mbanja, Mbanza Autonym: Mbandja Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Ubangi, Banda, Southern

Mbesa zms

Tshopo province: north Yahuma territory, south of Congo river. Users: 8,400 (2002). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Mobesa, Mombesa Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, C, Soko-Kele (C.51)

Mbo zmw

Ituri province: Mambasa territory, Bombo collectivité; some in Nord-Kivu province. Users: 11,000 (1994 SIL). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Imbo, Kimbo Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, D, Bira-Nyali (D.334)

Mbole mdq

Tshopo province: southwest of Kisangani; Tshuapa province: east. Users: 100,000 (Welmers 1971a). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Lombole Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, D, Mbole-Enya (D.11)

Mfinu zmf

Kinshasa province. Users: 8,400 (2002). Status: 7 (Shifting). Alternate Names: Emfinu, Funika, Mfununga Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, B, Tiene-Yanzi (B.83)

Mituku zmq

Tshopo province: Ubundu territory, west of Lualaba river. Users: 50,900 (2000). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Kinya-Mituku, Metoko Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, D, Mbole-Enya (D.13)

Moingi mwz

Tshopo province: Yahuma territory, south of Congo river, opposite Basoko town. Users: 4,200 (2002). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Unclassified

Mongo-Nkundu lol

Equateur province: south half; Mai-Ndombe province: northeast; Tshuapa province: west half. Users: 400,000 (1995). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Lomongo, Mongo Autonym: Lɔmɔngɔ Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, C, Mongo-Nkundo (C.61)

Mono mnh

Nord-Ubangi province: Bosobolo territory; Sud-Ubangi province: some in Libenge territory. Bili is center. Users: 65,000 (1984 census). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Amono Autonym: Mɔnɔ Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Ubangi, Banda, Central, Central Core, Mid-Southern

Monzombo moj

Sud-Ubangi province: Ubangi river east bank, south of Libenge. Users: 5,000 in Democratic Republic of the Congo (1986 SIL). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Monjombo, Mono-Jembo, Monzumbo Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Ubangi, Sere-Ngbaka-Mba, Ngbaka-Mba, Ngbaka, Western, Monzombo

Mpuono zmp

Kwilu province: Bulungu-Kikwit, Gungu, and Idiofa territories. Users: 165,000 (Nida 1972). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Mbuun Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, B, Tiene-Yanzi (B.84)

Mündü muh

Haut-Uele province: north and northeast of Faradje. Users: 2,800 in Democratic Republic of the Congo. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Mondo, Mountou, Mundo Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Ubangi, Sere-Ngbaka-Mba, Ngbaka-Mba, Ngbaka, Eastern, Mundu

Mvuba mxh

Nord-Kivu province: Beni territory, Oicha area. Users: 5,100 in Democratic Republic of the Congo (2000). Total users in all countries: 7,980. Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Bambuba, Bamvuba, Mbuba, Mvuba-A, Obiye Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Satellite-Core, Satellites, Central Sudanic, East, Mangbutu-Efe

Nande nnb

Ituri province: southeast; Nord-Kivu province: mainly Beni and Lubero territories. Users: 903,000 (1991 UBS). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Banande, Bayira, Kinandi, Nandi, Ndande, Ndandi, Northern Nande, Orundande Autonym: Kinande Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, J, Konzo-Ndandi (D.42)

Ndaka ndk

Ituri province: Mambasa territory, Bandaka collectivité, along Bunia to NiaNia road. Users: 25,000 (1994 SIL). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Indaaka, Ndaaka Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, D, Bira-Nyali (D.333)

Ndo ndp

Ituri province: Aru and Mahagi territories, south of Lowa river, west and northwest of Djalasiga. Oke’bu dialect on Uganda border. Users: 100,000 in Democratic Republic of the Congo. Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Ke’bu, Kebutu, Ndu, Oke’bu Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Satellite-Core, Satellites, Central Sudanic, East, Mangbutu-Efe

Ndobo ndw

Equateur province: between Bomongo and Congo rivers. Users: 10,200 (2000). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Ndoobo Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, C, Bangi-Ntomba (C.312)

Ndolo ndl

Sud-Ubangi province: Budjala territory, Ndolo-Liboko collectivité; Moeko river, south of Budjala between Ndama and Bokala villages, and Lisombo and Tando villages. Users: 8,000 (1983 census). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Mosange, Ndoolo, Tando Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, C, Bangi-Ntomba (C.36)

Ndrulo dno

Ituri province: Mahagi territory, Walendu Watsi collectivity. Users: 126,800 in Democratic Republic of the Congo, all users. L1 users: 87,200 in Democratic Republic of the Congo (2018 SIL). L2 users: 39,600 (2018 SIL). Total users in all countries: 145,700 (as L1: 106,100; as L2: 39,600). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Ddradha, Ddraló, Ndralo, “Lendu North” (pej.), “Lendu-Ndrŭló” (pej.) Autonym: Ndrŭló Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Satellite-Core, Satellites, Central Sudanic, East, Lendu

Ndunga ndt

Mongala province: Lisala territory, 8 villages. Users: 2,500 (Voegelin and Voegelin 1977). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Bondonga, Modunga, Mondugu, Mondunga Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Ubangi, Sere-Ngbaka-Mba, Ngbaka-Mba, Mba

Ngando nxd

Tshopo province; Tshuapa province: Maringa river area, north of Ikela. Users: 220,000 (1995). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Bongando, Longandu, Ngandu Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, C, Mongo-Nkundo (C.63)

Ngbaka nga

Sud-Ubangi province: Gemena territory area, 850 villages. Users: 1,010,000 in Democratic Republic of the Congo (2000). 600,000 monolinguals. Total users in all countries: 1,016,650. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Ngbaka Gbaya, Ngbaka Minagende Autonym: Ngbaka Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Ubangi, Gbaya-Manza-Ngbaka, East

Ngbaka Ma’bo nbm

Sud-Ubangi province: Libenge territory, on the road north and south of Zongo town, and a belt north of Libenge. Users: 11,000 in Democratic Republic of the Congo (1984 census). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Bouaka, Bwaka, Gbaka, Gwaka, Ma’bo, Mbacca, Mbaka, Mbwaka, Nbwaka, Ngbaka Limba Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Ubangi, Sere-Ngbaka-Mba, Ngbaka-Mba, Ngbaka, Western, Bwaka

Ngbandi, Northern ngb

Bas-Uele province: Bondo territory; Nord-Ubangi province: Businga, Mobayi-Mbongo, and Yakoma territories. Users: 250,000 in Democratic Republic of the Congo (2000 SIL). 75,000 monolinguals. Total users in all countries: 250,290. Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Baza, Mongwandi, Ngbandi du Nord, Ngwandi Autonym: Ngbandi Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Ubangi, Ngbandi

Ngbandi, Southern nbw

Sud-Ubangi province: Budjala, Kungu, and Libenge territories. Users: 105,000. Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Mbati, Mongbandi, Mongwandi, Ngbandi-Sud, Ngwandi Autonym: Ngbandi-Ngiri Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Ubangi, Ngbandi

Ngbee jgb

Haut-Uele province: scattered in Rungu, Niangara, Wamba, and Watsa territories. Users: No known L1 speakers. The last speaker probably died by the 1960s (Sommer 1992). Status: 10 (Extinct). Alternate Names: Lingbe, Lingbee, Majuu, Mangbele, li-Ngbee Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, D, Bira-Nyali (D.336)

Ngbinda nbd

Nord-Ubangi province. Users: 4,200 (2002). Status: 8b (Nearly extinct). Alternate Names: Bangbinda, Bungbinda, Ngminda Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, D, Bira-Nyali (D.303)

Ngbundu nuu

Sud-Ubangi province: Libenge territory, north of Libenge, from Boyabo crossroads east to Budu and north to Oro; south of Libenge, mixed with Mbandja [zmz] and other language groups. Users: 16,000 (1984 census). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Ubangi, Banda, Southwestern

Ngelima agh

Tshopo province: Banalia and Basoko territories. Users: 13,600 (2000). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Angba, Bangalema, Bangelima, Leangba Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, C, Ngombe (C.45)

Ngiti niy

Ituri province: Irumu territory, south of Bunia. Users: 100,000 (1991). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Bindi, Dru, Druna, Kingeti, Kingiti, Lendu-Sud, Ngeti Autonym: Ndruna Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Satellite-Core, Satellites, Central Sudanic, East, Lendu

Ngombe ngc

Mongala province and adjacent parts of Sud-Ubangi and Equateur provinces. Widespread along both sides of the Congo River, possibly some in Tshopo province. Users: 150,000 (Welmers 1971a). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Lingombe Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, C, Ngombe (C.41)

Ngongo noq

Kwilu province: Bulungu-Kikwit and Masi-Manimba territories. Users: 4,080 (2000). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Ngong Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, B, Tiene-Yanzi (B.864)

Ngul nlo

Kwilu province: Idiofa territory, Bulwem and Kapia sectors, Mangai town. Users: 8,400 (2002). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Ingul, Ngoli, Nguli, Ngulu, Ngwii Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, B, Tiene-Yanzi (B.861)

Ngundu nue

Nord-Ubangi province. Users: 5,100 (2000). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Ubangi, Banda, Central, Central Core, Mid-Southern

Nkutu nkw

Sankuru province. Users: 40,000 (Nida 1972). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Bankutu, Nkuchu, Nkucu, Nkutshu Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, C, Tetela (C.73)

Ntomba nto

Equateur province: near Lake Tumba; Mai-Ndombe province: Lake Mai-Ndombe area. Users: 100,000 (1980 UBS). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Lontomba, Luntumba, Ntomba-Bolia, Ntumba Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, C, Bangi-Ntomba (C.35)

Nyali nlj

Ituri province: Djugu territory, Kilo collectivité. Users: 43,000 (1993 SIL). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Huku, Linyali, North Nyali, Nyali-Kilo, Nyari Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, D, Bira-Nyali (D.33)

Nyanga nyj

Nord-Kivu province: Walikale territory, Wanyanga collectivité. Users: 150,000 (1994 census). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Inyanga, Kinyanga Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, D, Nyanga (D.43)

Nyanga-li nyc

Haut-Uele province: Watsa territory, southwest of Watsa. Between Isiro and Watsa, north of Mungbere (Gbati-ri dialect). Users: 69,000 (2002). 21,000 Gbati-ri (2002). Status: 8a (Moribund). Alternate Names: Linyanga-le Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, D, Bira-Nyali (D.305)

Nyindu nyg

Sud-Kivu province: west of Lake Kivu. Users: 8,400 (2002), decreasing. Status: 6b (Threatened). Autonym: Kinyindu Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, J, Shi-Hunde (D.501)

Nzadi nzd

Kasai province: Ilebo territory, Mapangu sector; Kwilu province: Idiofa territory, Kapia and Sedzo sectors. Users: Several thousand speakers (2017 I. Maddieson). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: indzéé Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, B, Tiene-Yanzi (B.865)

Nzakara nzk

Bas-Uele province: northwest Bondo territory, on Central African Republic border. Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Ansakara, N’sakara, Nzakala, Sakara, Zakara Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Ubangi, Zande, Zande-Nzakara

Ombo oml

Maniema province: northwest of Kindu; some in Tshopo province. Users: 8,400 (2002). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Hombo, Loombo, Songola Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, C, Tetela (C.76)

Omi omi

Ituri province: Aru territory, between Nzoro and Lowa rivers along Aru to Aba road. Users: 91,000 (2005 SIL). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Kaliko-Omi Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Satellite-Core, Satellites, Central Sudanic, East, Moru-Madi, Central

Pagibete pae

Mongala province: Bumba territory; Nord-Ubangi province: Businga and Yakoma territories. Nord-Ubangi province: along road south of Businga (Mongbapele dialect); Nord-Ubangi province: Yakoma territory, Butu, around Ngakpo on Dua river north side, across from Gumba (Momveda dialect); Mongala province: north Bumba territory, south of Butu and at Ndundu-Sana (Ndundusana dialect). Users: 28,000 (2000 SIL). 6,000 Momveda, 4,500 Mongbapele. Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Apagibete, Apagibeti, Apakabeti, Apakibeti, Pakabete Autonym: Pagabete Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, C, Ngombe (C.401)

Pambia pmb

Bas-Uele province. Users: 21,000 (1982 SIL). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Apambia Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Ubangi, Zande, Barambo-Pambia

Pelende ppp

Kwango province: Kenge territory. Users: 8,400 (2002). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, H, Yaka (H.31)

Phende pem

Kwango province: Feshi territory, northeast; Kwilu province: Gungu and Idiofa territories; Kasai province: Kamonia territory, Tshikapa. Users: 420,000 (1991 UBS). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Gipende, Giphende, Kipende, Pende, Pheende, Pindi, Pinji Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, L, Pende (L.11)

Poke pof

Tshopo province: Isangi territory, south of Congo river downstream from Kisangani. Users: 46,000 (Welmers 1971a). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Pfoke, Puki, Tofoke, Topoke, Tovoke Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, C, Soko-Kele (C.53)

Ruund rnd

Lomami province: small border area south; Lualaba province: west. Users: 153,000 in Democratic Republic of the Congo (2000). Total users in all countries: 251,500. Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Chiluwunda, Kilunda, Kiluunda, Lunda Kambove, Lunda-Kamboro, Luunda, Luwunda, Muatiamvua, Northern Lunda, Ru-unda Autonym: Uruund Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, L, Lunda (L.53)

Sakata skt

Mai-Ndombe province: Inongo, Kutu, and Mushie territories, Lukenie river, and Semendua area. Users: 75,000 (1982 UBS). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Kisakata, Lesa, Odual, Saka Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, C, Bangi-Ntomba (C.34)

Salampasu slx

Kasai-Central province: southest, east of Luiza. Users: 60,000 (Voegelin and Voegelin 1977). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Chisalampasu Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, L, Lunda (L.51)

Samba smx

Kwango province: Feshi, Kasongo-Lunda, Kenge, and Popokabaka territories; Kwilu province: Bulungu-Kikwit and Masi-Manimba territories. Users: 4,200 (2002). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Saamba, Shankadi, Tsaam, Tsamba, Usamba Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, L, Pende (L.12)

Sanga sng

Haut-Katanga province: north of Likasi, dispersed in Mitwaba and Pweto territories; Lualaba province: Lubudi territory. Users: 431,000 (1991 UBS). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Garengaze, Kiluba, Luba-Garenganze, Luba-Sanga, Southern Luba Autonym: Kisanga Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, L, Luba (L.35)

Sango sag

Nord-Ubangi province: extreme north border on Oubangui river. Users: Few in Democratic Republic of the Congo. Status: 3 (Wider communication). Alternate Names: Sangho Classification: Creole, Ngbandi based

Seba kdg

Haut-Katanga province: Kasenga territory. Users: 167,000 (2002). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Kunda, Sewa, Shishi Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, M, Lala-Bisa-Lamba (M.55)

Sengele szg

Mai-Ndombe province: west of Lake Mai-Ndombe. Users: 17,000 (2002). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Kesengele, Sengere Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, C, Bangi-Ntomba (C.33)

Sere swf

Bas-Uele province: northeast of Ango, among the Zande [zne]. Users: 2,500 in Democratic Republic of the Congo. Total users in all countries: 2,528. Status: 8b (Nearly extinct). Alternate Names: Basili, Basiri, Chere, Serre, Shaire, Shere, Sheri, Sili, Siri Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Ubangi, Sere-Ngbaka-Mba, Sere, Sere-Bviri, Ndogo-Sere

Shi shr

Sud-Kivu province: north, west, and south of Bukavu. Users: 654,000 (1991 UBS). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Kishi, Nyabungu Autonym: Mashi Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, J, Shi-Hunde (D.53)

So soc

Tshopo province: north of Basoko. Users: 6,000 (Welmers 1971a). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Eso, Gesogo, Heso, Soa, Soko Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, C, Soko-Kele (C.52)

Sonde shc

Kwango province: Feshi territory. Users: 96,000 (2002). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Kilua, Kisonde, Kisoonde, Soonde Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, H, Yaka (H.321)

Songe sop

Lomami province: mainly Kabinda territory; Sankuru province: between Lualaba and Sankuru rivers; Tanganyika province: Kabolo and Kongolo territories; Kasai and Maniema provinces. Users: 1,000,000 (Hoffman 1991). 150,000 in Western Kalebwe (1982 UBS). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Kalebwe, Kisonge, Kisongi, Kisongye, Luba-Songi, Lusonge, Northeast Luba, Songye, Yembe Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, L, Songe (L.23)

Songo soo

Kwilu province: Bulungu-Kikwit territory. Users: 13,000 (2002). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Itsong, Kisongo, Nsong, Ntsuo, Tsong Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, B, Tiene-Yanzi (B.85)

Songomeno soe

Kasai province: Dekese territory. Users: 50,000 (Barrett 1982). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Hendo, Lohendo Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, C, Bushoong (C.82)

Songoora sod

Maniema province: Kindu, Punia, and Shabunda territories, small area in Sud-Kivu province. Maniema province: Kindu territory (Gengele dialect). Users: 49,600 (2019 M. Kate-ke-sombe), all users. 152 villages. L1 users: 1,300 (Welmers 1971a). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Binja, Kesongola, Songola Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, D, Lega-Holoholo (D.24)

Suku sub

Kwango province: Feshi and Kasongo-Lunda territories; Kwilu province: Bulungu-Kikwit and Masi-Manimba territories. Users: 50,000 in Democratic Republic of the Congo (1980 UBS). Total users in all countries: 80,000. Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Autonym: Kisuku Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, H, Yaka (H.32)

Swahili, Congo swc

Widespread in Haut-Katanga, Haut-Lomami, Ituri, Lualaba, Maniema, Nord-Kivu, Sud-Kivu, and Tanganyika provinces. Users: 11,100,000 in Democratic Republic of the Congo, all users. L1 users: 2,000,000 in Democratic Republic of the Congo (2019). L2 users: 9,100,000 (1991 UBS). Total users in all countries: 11,143,000 (as L1: 2,043,000; as L2: 9,100,000). Status: 2 (Provincial). Statutory provincial language in eastern regions (2006, Constitution, Article 1(8)). Alternate Names: Zaïre Swahili Autonym: Kiswahili Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, G, Swahili (G.40)

Taabwa tap

Tanganyika province: on Lake Tanganyika, south of Moba. Users: 250,000 in Democratic Republic of the Congo (Barrett 1982). Total users in all countries: 281,600. Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Ichitaabwa, Kitabwa, Lungu, Rungu, Taabua, Tabwa, Zabwa Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, M, Bemba (M.41)

Tagbu tbm

Scattered. Users: 17,000 (2002). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Tagba, Tagbo Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Ubangi, Sere-Ngbaka-Mba, Sere, Sere-Bviri, Ndogo-Sere

Talinga-Bwisi tlj

Nord-Kivu province: Beni territory, Butalinga county, Virunga National Park boundary, up to Uganda border. Users: 30,900 in Democratic Republic of the Congo (2000). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Bwisi, Kitalinga, Lubwisi, Lubwissi, Mawissi, Olubwisi, Talinga Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, J, Nyoro-Ganda (E.102)

Teke, Eboo ebo

Mai-Ndombe province: Mushie territory. Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Aboo Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, B, Teke (B.74)

Teke, Ibali tek

Kinshasa and Mai-Ndombe provinces. Users: 167,000 in Democratic Republic of the Congo (2000). Total users in all countries: 203,200. Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Bali, Eastern Teke, Ibali, Kiteke, Teke-Ibali Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, B, Teke (B.75)

Tembo tbt

Nord-Kivu and Sud-Kivu provinces: Kalehe territory. Users: 150,000 (1994 SIL). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: ChiTembo, Kitembo Autonym: Chitembo Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, J, Shi-Hunde (D.531)

Tembo tmv

Equateur province: Bomongo territory, 1 or 2 villages on Mongala river southwest of Akula; Sud-Ubangi province: Budjala territory, Bokele, Bosanga, and Libanza villages on Banga-Melo river; Sumba island. Users: 5,000 (1986 SIL). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Litembo, Motembo Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, C, Bangi-Ntomba (C.371)

Tetela tll

Sankuru province; border areas of Haut-Lomami, Tshopo, and Tshuapa provinces. Users: 750,000 (1991 UBS). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Otetela, Sungu Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, C, Tetela (C.71)

Tiene tii

Mai-Ndombe province: Bolobo area on Congo river, inland savannah and forest. Users: 24,500 (1977 SIL). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Kitiene, Kitiini, Tende Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, B, Tiene-Yanzi (B.81)

Vanuma vau

Ituri province: Irumu territory, Tchabi collectivité; Nord-Kivu province. Users: 6,700 (1993 SIL). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Bambutuku, Bvanuma, Livanuma, Nyali-Tchabi, South Nyali Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, D, Bira-Nyali (D.331)

Wongo won

Kasai province: Ilebo and Tshikapa territories; Kwilu province: Idiofa territory, Belo, Kipuku, and Musanga-Idiofa sectors. Users: 12,700 (2000). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Bakong, Gongo, Kiwongo, Ndjembe, Tukkongo, Tukongo, Tukungo, Wonk Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, C, Bushoong (C.85)

Yaka yaf

Kwango province: Kasongo, Lunda, and Popokabaka territories. Users: 700,000 in Democratic Republic of the Congo (2000 SIL). Total users in all countries: 900,000. Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Iaka, Iyaka, Kiyaka Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, H, Yaka (H.31)

Yakoma yky

Nord-Ubangi province. Users: 10,000 in Democratic Republic of the Congo. Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Ubangi, Ngbandi

Yamongeri ymg

Equateur province: south of Congo river. Users: 13,000 (2002). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Yamongiri Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, C, Bangi-Ntomba (C.36)

Yango yng

Sud-Ubangi province: Kungu and Libenge territories, Gbendere village, Esobe river area. Users: 3,000 (1986 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Gbendere Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Ubangi, Sere-Ngbaka-Mba, Ngbaka-Mba, Ngbaka, Western, Monzombo

Yela yel

Sankuru province; Tshuapa province: mainly Bokungu territory. Users: 33,000 (Voegelin and Voegelin 1977). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Boyela, Kutu Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, C, Tetela (C.74)

Yombe yom

Kongo Central province: west in Mayombe forest. Users: 669,000 in Democratic Republic of the Congo (2002). Total users in all countries: 734,400. Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Bayombe, Ciyoombe, Kiombi, Kiyombe, Yoombe Autonym: Kiyoombi Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, H, Kikongo (H.16)

Yulu yul

Haut-Lomami province: near Kamina. Users: 3,000 in Democratic Republic of the Congo (2011 SIL). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Youlou Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Satellite-Core, Satellites, Central Sudanic, West, Bongo-Bagirmi, Kara

Zande zne

Bas-Uele and northern Haut-Uele provinces. Users: 730,000 in Democratic Republic of the Congo. Total users in all countries: 1,892,000 (as L1: 1,792,000; as L2: 100,000). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Asande, Azande, Badjande, Bazande, Bazenda, Kizande, Pa-Dio, Pazande, Sande, Zandi, pa Zande, paZande Autonym: Pa-Zande Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Ubangi, Zande, Zande-Nzakara

Zimba zmb

Maniema province: Kasongo territory, Maringa and Mulu collectivités; small area in Sud-Kivu province. Users: 120,000 (1994 census). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Nyangwe Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, D, Lega-Holoholo (D.26)

Zula zla

Maniema province: Kasongo territory, Wazula collectivité. Users: 25,000 (2020 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Ba-Shuula, Kishuula, Shuula, Wa-Zula, Zura Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, D, Mbolle-Enya (D.141)